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It is spoken by the Ho, Munda, Kolha and Kol tribal communities of Odisha, [4] Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Assam and is written with the Warang Citi script. Devanagari, Latin script, Odia script and Telugu script are sometimes used, [5] although native speakers are said to prefer a Ho script. [6]
The term "Ho" originates from the Ho language, where "hō" translates to "human". The name encompasses both their ethnic identity and language, closely linked to Mundari within the Austroasiatic language family. In Odisha, certain segments of the Ho tribe, such as Kol, Kolha, Kolah, Munda, and Mundari, are officially recognized as
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Ho (हो जगर / hōō jagara) Ho is a Munda language spoken mainly in the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhatisgarh, West Bengal and Assam, and also in Bangladesh. In 2001 there were just over a million speakers of Ho, which is closely related to Mundari and Santali. Ho is also know as ho kaji, ho: basa, or ho haram. The ...
The language is closely related to Mundari and Santali; the three languages are grouped as Kherwarian languages. According to Ethnologue, use of Ho within the community is "vigorous," and Ho speakers have a "positive" attitude toward their native language.
Despite having close to a million and a half speakers, Ho is doubly marginalized in the local mindset, firstly as a low-status tribal language, and secondly dismissed as a debased form of the already devalued Mundari language, to which it is a relatively close sister language.
Ho, tribal people of the state of Bihār in India, concentrated in the area of Kolhān on the lower Chota Nāgpur Plateau. They numbered about 1,150,000 in the late 20th century, mostly in Bihār and Orissa states of northeastern India. They speak a language of the Munda family and appear to have moved gradually into their territory from farther north.
Ho is an Munda language spoken by over one million people in Eastern India. Although its use is not considered to be in serious decline, the language is under-documented and therefore little known to the outside world. Few native Ho speakers read or write their language, and the absence of the alphabet in which Ho is written, known as Warang ...
