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Who were the astronauts on Apollo 13?
What happened to the three astronauts on Apollo 13?
Who died on Apollo 13?
Who piloted Apollo 13?
President Richard Nixon awarding the Apollo 13 astronauts the Presidential Medal of Freedom. On February 5, 1971, Apollo 14's LM, Antares, landed on the Moon with astronauts Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell aboard, near Fra Mauro, the site Apollo 13 had been intended to explore.
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U.S. spaceflight Apollo 13 was launched on April 11, 1970.
Where was the launch site of Apollo 13?
The Apollo 13 spaceflight was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Cape Kennedy, Florida, by a giant Saturn V launch vehicle and minutes later was inserted into orbit around Earth.
Who were the crew of Apollo 13?
The three astronauts of Apollo 13 were commander Jim Lovell, lunar module pilot Fred Haise, and command module pilot Jack Swigert.
What happened during the Apollo 13 mission?
Apollo 13 was launched from Cape Kennedy, Florida, by a giant Saturn V launch vehicle and only minutes later was inserted into orbit around Earth. About 2.5 hours after launch, the still-attached S IVB third stage was reignited to provide the final boost toward the Moon. The transposition maneuver (removing the lunar module, code-named Aquarius, from the S IVB adapter) was carried out efficiently, and soon Apollo 13 was coasting toward the Moon on a path so accurate that the first planned course adjustment was canceled. Later in the mission, the craft underwent a hybrid transfer maneuver to facilitate landing in the difficult Fra Mauro region of the Moon. To do this, the service module’s propulsion system provided a 4.6-metre- (15-foot-) per-second velocity change designed to lower the command module’s closest approach to the Moon from 389 km (242 miles) to 109 km (68 miles) and place the craft on a “non-free-return” trajectory. This meant that should no further propulsive maneuver be made during the flight, the craft would not swing around the Moon and return directly to Earth on a “free-return” trajectory but instead would miss Earth by 4,750 km (2,950 miles). However, a shift back to a free-return trajectory was within the capability of both the service module propulsion system and the lunar module descent stage propulsion system. So accurate was the hybrid transfer that a scheduled course correction was canceled.
April 12, the day after launch, passed without incident. Early on the evening of April 13, the astronauts pressurized the lunar module Aquarius, and Lovell and Haise passed from the command module Odyssey through the connecting tunnel while checking all systems for the forthcoming landing. Suddenly, as Lovell was moving through the tunnel on his way back from Aquarius to Odyssey, a loud explosion was heard. All three astronauts quickly gathered in Odyssey to study the instruments in an effort to determine what had happened. Noting that one of the main electrical systems aboard was degrading, Haise and Lovell radioed the information to mission control in Houston, quickly turning a routine flight into one of the most exciting episodes in space history.
Haise: Okay, Houston—
Lovell: I believe we’ve had a problem here.
Mission control: This is Houston. Say again please.
Lovell: Houston, we’ve had a problem. We’ve had a main B bus undervolt.
The anxiety for the safety of the astronauts was felt in every corner of the globe, and millions of persons remained glued to television and radio sets as the perilous journey unfolded. Still three days away from Earth, the astronauts moved into the lunar module Aquarius, which they powered up before shutting down the command module Odyssey to conserve the latter’s emergency battery power for the atmospheric reentry maneuver at the end of the mission. Only the command module could pass through Earth’s atmosphere; the lunar module would have to be discarded, along with the service module, before the outer atmosphere was reached. In the meantime, however, the lunar module would be their home.
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When the astronauts first transferred into and activated Aquarius, Apollo 13 was about 20 hours from the Moon. Plans were made for transferring out of the hybrid trajectory and onto the free-return trajectory, a maneuver that was executed in the early morning hours of April 14. At mission control, teams of experts worked to check out all feasible maneuvers and situations in flight simulators, feeding every plan and contingency through computers. Leaders from all parts of the world voiced concern, and from Soviet Premier Aleksey N. Kosygin came the message that “the Soviet Government has given orders to all citizens and members of the armed forces to use all necessary means to render assistance in the rescue of the American astronauts.” Four Soviet ships began moving toward the planned recovery area, while French and British warships also moved to the rescue. Radio contact with Apollo 13 was lost during the evening of April 14 as the craft swung behind the Moon, passing at an altitude of 264 km (164 miles) at the closest approach. (Since their trajectory had a higher lunar altitude than other Apollo missions, Apollo 13 set the record for farthest flight from Earth of 401,056 km [249,205 miles].) Soon afterward the spacecraft started along its return path home. Meanwhile, the long-since-discarded S IVB third stage crashed onto the Moon—it had followed an independent trajectory—as part of a planned experiment to cause an artificial moonquake to aid scientists in understanding the nature of the lunar interior. When the astronauts learned from Houston of the stage’s impact, Swigert radioed back, “Well, at least something worked on this flight.…I’m sure glad we didn’t have an LM [Lunar Module] impact too!”
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Apr 9, 2020 · The three astronauts of the prime crew for NASA’s Apollo 13 lunar landing mission were, from left, James A Lovell Jr., commander; John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot. Fifty years ago this month, NASA’s Apollo 13 mission would have been the agency’s third Moon landing and lunar exploration mission.
The Apollo 13 astronauts astronauts after safely returning to Earth. From left: Fred. W. Haise, Jr., lunar module pilot; James A. Lovell Jr., commander; and John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot.
Apollo 13, U.S. spaceflight, launched on April 11, 1970, that suffered an oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon, threatening the lives of three astronauts —commander James A. Lovell, Jr., lunar module pilot Fred W. Haise, Jr., and command module pilot John L. Swigert, Jr. Houston, We’ve Had a Problem.
Apr 8, 2020 · Space Frontiers/Getty Images. Alice George. Museums Correspondent. For most of second week of April in 1970, the whole world watched as the exhausted, underfed and dehydrated Apollo 13...
Apr 11, 2020 · Apollo 13 was NASA's third moon-landing mission, but the astronauts never made it to the lunar surface. Here are the events that transpired.
