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- Biography of Winfield Scott
- Early Life
- Early Military Career
- War of 1812
- Marriage
- A Rise in The Ranks
- Indian Wars
- Commander of The U.S. Army
- Mexican- American War
- Presidential Candidate
Winfield Scott is probably the most important military leader in the United States from the time of the War of 1812 until the opening days of the Civil War. He came from a wealthy family in Virginia, and his father was a veteran of the Revolutionary War. He studied at the College of William and Mary and practiced as a lawyer until 1807 when he join...
Winfield Scott was born at Laurel Branch, his family’s plantation, in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, on June 13, 1786. He was the second son and youngest of six children born to William and Ann Mason Scott. Scott’s father, who served as a captain during the Revolutionary War, died in 1792 when Scott was five or six years old. Scott’s mother, who desce...
After being orphaned, Scott studied law at the College of William and Mary and joined the Virginia bar in 1806. The next year, Scott gained his first taste of military life when he volunteered for duty enforcing an embargo against British vessels. Apparently finding military life to his liking, Scott joined the U.S. Army. Commissioned as a captain ...
When Scott resumed active service, he returned to New Orleans. After the U. S. Congress declared war against Great Britain on June 18, 1812, officials promoted Scott to lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Artillery Regiment in July. While stationed along the Canadian-U.S. border, British troops captured Scott on October 13, 1812, following the battle of ...
When Scott returned to America, he married Virginia native Maria Mayo on March 11, 1817. Their marriage lasted forty-five years and produced seven children, five of whom survived to adulthood.
During the next two decades, Scott held several peacetime postings including regional commander of the Division of the North (1816), president of the Board of Tactics (1815, 1821, 1824, and 1826), and Eastern Department commander (1825). In 1828 Scott tendered his resignation from the army in protest of being passed over for promotion. Consultation...
On January 20, 1836, army officials placed Scott in command of the Army of Florida and ordered him to plan a campaign against the Seminole Indians. After the white residents in Florida criticized Scott for failing to subdue the warring Seminoles quickly, the War Department ordered him to Washington to face a court of inquiry. The tribunal took only...
By 1840, Scott had risen to the second-highest-ranking officer in the U.S. Army. When Major General Alexander Macomb, Commanding General of the Army, died on June 25, 1841, Scott became the highest-ranking general. On July 5, 1841, President John Tylerissued an executive order confirming Scott’s promotion to major general, ordering him to take comm...
Soon after the Republic of Texas achieved statehood on December 29, 1845, the United States and Mexico fell into a dispute regarding the location of the border between Texas and Mexico. When the disagreement escalated on April 25, 1846, the War Department dispatched an expeditionary force into Mexico under the command of Brigadier General Zachary T...
Upon returning to the United States, Scott pursued his political aspirations while remaining in charge of the army. When the Whigs held their national convention in Philadelphia on June 7, 1848, it took them only one day to nominate Zachary Taylor as their candidate for the U.S. presidency. A disappointed Scott finished a distant third with sixty-s...
- Harry Searles
May 25, 2024 · Winfield Scott was an American army officer who held the rank of general in three wars and was the unsuccessful Whig candidate for president in 1852. He was the foremost American military figure between the Revolution and the Civil War.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
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