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What is the difference between first language and second language?
What is the difference between first language and second language acquisition?
What is a first language?
What is a second language (L2)?
First language is a language that one acquires from birth and a second language is a non-native language usually learned at a later stage. In a nutshell, native languages are regarded as first languages whereas non-native languages are referred to as second languages.
- Defining by acquisition context. The most classic dimension in which the difference between first language and second language is established is the acquisition context.
- Defining by sequence. I must put in a very strong disclaimer that academia hardly engages the terms “first language” and “second language” purely by the sequence of acquisition, although this elephant in the room has to be addressed.
- Defining by proficiency level. With the conditions set by the 2 earlier dimensions, the effects become manifested in the 3rd dimension: proficiency level.
- Defining by frequency of use. Somewhat related to the earlier dimension is the degree of dominance. A subset definition of language dominance in an individual is the relative proficiency of the various languages the individual has in his/her repertoire – pretty much the dimension we were discussing in the previous section.
References. First language. The monument to the mother tongue ( ana dili) in Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. A first language ( L1 ), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth [1] or within the critical period.
Nov 23, 2023 · A first language is the initial language one learns from birth, usually used for daily communication, whereas a second language is learned after the first, often for specific purposes. Key Differences. The first language, often termed mother tongue, is acquired naturally during early childhood within the family environment.
Apr 27, 2020 · The main difference between first language and second language acquisition is that first language acquisition is a child learning his native language, whereas second language acquisition is learning a language besides his native language.
Jan 6, 2020 · A second language is any language that a person uses other than a first or native language. Contemporary linguists and educators commonly use the term L1 to refer to a first or native language, and the term L2 to refer to a second language or a foreign language that's being studied.
Dec 20, 2023 · The “content” of a language — the sounds, words, grammar, conversational norms, etc — are the same regardless of whether it’s learned as an L1 or L2. But aside from some extreme cases, pretty much everyone successfully and relatively effortlessly learns their first language (s).
