The Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia, part of present-day Turkey. The best known Anatolian language is Hittite, which is considered the earliest-attested Indo-European language. Undiscovered until the late 19th and 20th centuries, they are considered the earliest group of languages to branch off from the Indo-European family. Once discovered, the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided ...
- Origins
The Anatolian branch is generally considered the earliest to...
- Classification
Melchert has proposed the following classification: 1....
- Features
The phonology of the Anatolian languages preserves...
- Languages
The list below gives the Anatolian languages in a relatively...
- Extinction
Anatolia was heavily Hellenized following the conquests of...
- Origins
The Anatolian languages were a branch of Indo-European languages. They are now extinct. They were spoken in Asia Minor (ancient Anatolia) in modern-day Turkey. There are three, or maybe four, known branches. Branches. Melchert (2012) has organised them like this: Proto-Anatolian. Hittite; Palaic; Luwic Luwian; Lycian; Milyan; Carian; Sidetic
- Anatolians
- Indo-EuropeanAnatolian
- formerly in Anatolia
- Proto-Anatolian
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Anatolian languages is a branch of the Indo-European language family which was spoken in Anatolia ca. 2000 BC - 600 BC.. Subcategories. This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.
Proto-Anatolian is the proto-language from which the ancient Anatolian languages emerged. As with almost all other proto-languages, no attested writings have been found; the language has been reconstructed by applying the comparative method to all the attested Anatolian languages as well as other Indo-European languages. Craig Melchert, an expert on the Anatolian languages, estimates that Proto-Anatolian began to diverge c. 3000 BC, in any case no later than c. 2500 BC.
- ca. 3000 BCE
- Anatolian languages
Later in the Iron Age, Anatolian languages were spoken by the Lycians, Lydians, Carians, Pisidians and others.
Major Anatolian languages included Hittite, Luwian, and Lydian, while other, poorly attested local languages included Phrygian and Mysian. Hurro-Urartian languages were spoken in the southeastern kingdom of Mitanni , while Galatian , a Celtic language , was spoken in Galatia , central Anatolia.
- Anatolian
- Ankara (pop. 5,700,000)
- 756,000 km² (292,000 sq mi), (incl. Southeastern and Eastern Anatolia Region)
- Western Asia
Anatolian or anatolica may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to the region Anatolia; Anatolians, ancient Indo-European peoples who spoke the Anatolian languages; Anatolian High School, a type of Turkish educational institution; Anatolian Plate, the tectonic plate on which Turkey sits; Anatolian hieroglyphs, a script of central Anatolia
The Anatolian hypothesis suggests that the speakers of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) lived in Anatolia during the Neolithic era, and it associates the distribution of historical Indo-European languages with the expansion during the Neolithic revolution of the 7th and the 6th millennia BC.
Only the Anatolian languages use this case, and it may not have existed in Proto-Indo-European at all. Late Proto-Indo-European had three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, neuter. This system is probably derived from a simpler two-gender system, attested in Anatolian languages: common (or animate) and neuter (inanimate) gender.
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