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Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language.Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.

English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages.Language education for people learning English may be known as English as a second language (ESL), English as a foreign language (EFL), English as an additional language (EAL), or English for speakers of other languages (ESOL).

Second language writing is the study of writing performed by non-native speakers/writers of a language as a second or foreign language.. In addition to disseminating research through the Journal of Second Language Writing, scholars in the field regularly participate in three academic conferences, the Symposium on Second Language Writing, the TESOL convention, and the Conference on College ...

Second-language attrition is the decline of second-language skills, which occurs whenever the learner uses the second language to an insufficient degree (de Bot & Weltens 1991:43) or due to environmental changes the language use is limited and another language is becoming the dominant one (Olshtain 1989: 151).

Teaching English as a second language (TESL) refers to teaching English to students whose first language is not English, usually offered in a region where English is the dominant language and natural English language immersion situations are apt to be plentiful. Usually focused on survival language.

An interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language (or L2) which preserves some features of their first language (or L1), and can also overgeneralize some L2 writing and speaking rules. These two characteristics of an interlanguage result in the system's unique linguistic organization.