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1. Top results related to define segmentation in os

   • Segmentation fault: 11 in OS X

     Top Answer

     Answered Oct 28, 2013 · 50 votes

     This is a bug in the readline compatibility in python, related to changes introduced in OSX10.9. This weekend, release candidates for Python2.7.6 and Python3.3.3 were released which fix this bug. The download links are below.

     http://python.org/download/releases/2.7.6/

     http://python.org/download/releases/3.3.3/

     Here's the issue, quoting from Ned Deily, writing on the python-dev email list.

     On Tuesday, Apple released OS X 10.9 (a.k.a. Mavericks). There has already been a lot of interest in it, in part because Apple has made it available for free and has made it easy for users with 10.8, 10.7, and (most) 10.6 systems to upgrade directly to 10.9. Unfortunately, there are issues with our current maintenance releases (3.3.2 and 2.7.5) on OS X 10.9 that call for new maintenance releases as soon as possible.

     One is critical in that it causes the interpreter to crash when running in interactive mode (http://bugs.python.org/issue18458). The problem was due to a long-standing compatibility issue in libedit's readline compatibility layer that upstream has finally fixed and Apple has now shipped in 10.9. Because the python.org installers dynamically link to libedit, the original workaround in readline.c for the original design flaw in history indexing now causes a segfault on 10.9 when the user types in the second command interactively. Not good. Ronald devised a fix that allows readline.so at runtime to detect and work with either version of libedit so that we continue to have binary compatibility across multiple OS X releases. That fix is already out in the 3.4.0 alphas and backported to the 3.3 and 2.7 branches, awaiting release there. Just in the last 12 hours, there have been at least four duplicates of the issue reported by users. I've updated the original issue to explicitly mention 10.9, now that it is no longer under NDA, and to provide a downloadable script for inexperienced users to workaround the problem by "removing" readline.so. Presumably, as word gets out, there will be fewer duplicate issues opened but the impact will remain.

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   • Segmentation VS Paging performance difference and application in OS

     Top Answer

     Answered Aug 10, 2021 · 2 votes

     It is a common error to presume that segmentation refers to the implementation of the segment based protection mechanism in the intel 432, 80[2345]86 architectures, and the vestigial remnants carried into the AMD64 architecture. Segmented architectures existed at least 20 years before the 432 or 80286 ever saw the light of lithography.

     In general terms, the management of segments which were the last phase of translation, was troublesome because simply growing a segment could require copying a large amount of memory.

     In more specific terms, for example the intel 80x86 architecture, the page-level translation occurred after the segment translation. This meant that the changing the allocation base of a segment merely required relocating page table entries, so really not a big deal.

     Unfortunately, in the intel case, it meant that pointers had to be constructed of a pair: (seg, offset). Two pointers could thus only be reasonable compared or computed if their seg component matched, and the notion of such an odd pointer caused all sorts of programming difficulties.

     Despite that some operating systems employed segmentation: OS2 and QNX are ones I am familiar with. OS/2, may or may not have been performant; I never got past diskette 18 of the 32 diskette installation system.

     QNX, however, was a marvelously performing operating system, being both able to squeeze into very small footprints, and well utilize large footprints of the day. In those days small footprints were < 1M (yes, 10^6), and large ones 64M ( 64 * 10^6 ). It employed segment translation over page translation as described above. For 32 bit programs, it only supported a non-segmented application model, however the underlying system extensively used segments as high speed aliasing and protection devices. 16 bit programs suffered with the ugly segment model.

     TL;DR Intel's segment model is only one, and arguably amongst the worst.

     Operating systems can employ it transparently for a variety of optimisations.

     Other segmentation models are less intrusive, but have fallen almost out of favour.

     ARM architecture has a MPU which is a flexible segment based protection unit, however performs no translation.

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   • define argument in command line for python os.walk script

     Top Answer

     Answered Sep 20, 2018 · 3 votes

     Yeah, your original call to main has main accepting no arguments:

     import osimport sys-def main(): # this has 0 arguments, instead you included it inside of the func. for root, dirs, files in os.walk(sys.argv[1]): for item in files: print(items)if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1]) # likely the source of your error since main() has the argument inside the func.

     If you would like main to have arguments:

     def main(args): # any generic argument to be called for root, dirs, files, in os.walk(args): for item in files: print(items)if __name__ = '__main__': main(sys.argv[1]) # specific argument called by function

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     3/5

   • Segmentation in Linux : Segmentation & Paging are redundant?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jun 12, 2010 · 9 votes

     The 80x86 family of CPUs generate a real address by adding the contents of a CPU register called a segment register to that of the program counter. Thus by changing the segment register contents you can change the physical addresses that the program accesses. Paging does something similar by mapping the same virtual address to different real addresses. Linux using uses the latter - the segment registers for Linux processes will always have the same unchanging contents.

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     4/5

   • Segmentation in Operating System

     A process is divided into Segments. The chunks that a program is divided into which are not necessarily all of the exact sizes are called segments. Segmentation gives the user’s view of the process which paging does not provide. Here the user’s view is mapped to physical memory.

     Types of Segmentation in Operating Systems

     • Virtual Memory Segmentation: Each process is divided into a number of segments, but the segmentation is not done all at once. This segmentation may or may not take place at the run time of the program.
     • Simple Segmentation: Each process is divided into a number of segments, all of which are loaded into memory at run time, though not necessarily contiguously.

     There is no simple relationship between logical addresses and physical addresses...

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2. www.geeksforgeeks.org › segmentation-in-operatingSegmentation in Operating System - GeeksforGeeks

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   Jun 21, 2024 · Learn what segmentation is, how it works, and its advantages and disadvantages. Segmentation is a memory management technique that divides a process into segments of variable sizes and maps them to physical memory.

   • Video Duration: 10 min

3. www.javatpoint.com › os-segmentationSegmentation in OS (Operating System) - Javatpoint

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   Learn what segmentation is, why it is required, and how it works in operating systems. Segmentation is a memory management technique that divides the memory into variable size parts called segments.

4. www.simplilearn.com › segmentation-in-os-articleThe Ultimate Guide to Segmentation in Operating Systems

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   Apr 17, 2024 · Segmentation is a memory management technique that divides a program into multiple segments, each with its own address and size. Learn the advantages, disadvantages, and examples of segmentation in operating systems, and how it differs from paging.

   • Author: Simplilearn

5. www.theknowledgeacademy.com › blog › segmentation-inSegmentation in Operating System (OS): Types and Elements

   www.theknowledgeacademy.com › blog › segmentation-in

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   Jan 19, 2024 · Learn what segmentation is, how it works, and why it is necessary for memory management in OS. Explore the different types of segmentation, such as virtual memory and simple segmentation, and their advantages and disadvantages.

6. www.tutorialspoint.com › segmentation-in-operatingSegmentation in Operating System - Online Tutorials Library

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   Jul 18, 2023 · Learn what segmentation is, how it works, and why it is used in operating systems. Segmentation is a technique for dividing a program into fixed-size segments that are managed by a segment table.

7. dzone.com › articles › what-is-segmentation-inWhat Is Segmentation in Operating System? - DZone

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   Sep 9, 2021 · Segmentation is where the user program is broken down into the number of segments that each segment is of variable size. Segmentation can be described as dynamic partitioning where the...

8. People also ask

   What is segmentation in operating system?

   • Answer: Segmentation in Operating systems can be determined as a division of primary memory into small-sized blocks. 2. Why is Segmentation used in OS? Answer: Segmentation is a memory management technique that is used to improve the performance of an Operating System.

   Segmentation in Operating System - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org/segmentation-in-operating-system/

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   What are paging and segmentation in OS?

   • Operating Systems (OS) employ various memory allocation and management techniques. Segmentation and paging are two non-continuous memory allocation methods. Segmentation in the Operating System (OS) involves dividing the user program and secondary memory into unevenly sized blocks called segments or sections.

   Segmentation in Operating System (OS): Types and Elements

   www.theknowledgeacademy.com/blog/segmentation-in-operating-system/

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   What is segmentation technology?

   • The segmentation technology is used in operating systems and the process is divided into many pieces called segments and these segments are of variable size. In this, segmentation uses a variable partitioning method: one segment is equal to one complete memory block.

   Segmentation in Operating System - Online Tutorials Library

   www.tutorialspoint.com/segmentation-in-operating-system

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   What is segmentation in memory management?

   • Segmentation is another way of dividing the addressable memory. It is another scheme of memory management and it generally supports the user view of memory. The Logical address space is basically the collection of segments. Each segment has a name and a length. Basically, a process is divided into segments.

   Segmentation in Operating Systems - Studytonight

   www.studytonight.com/operating-system/segmentation-in-operating-systems

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9. www.studytonight.com › operating-systemSegmentation in Operating Systems - Studytonight

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   Learn what segmentation is, how it divides the memory into variable-sized segments, and how it supports the user view of memory. See the types, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and examples of segmentation in OS.