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Dec 4, 2017 · In the 2000’s, Saleh was a vital ally of the United States in fighting al-Qaida’s branch in his country, a top priority for Washington after the branch tried to blow up a passenger jet an carry out other attacks on American soil.
Dec 4, 2017 · In the 2000s, Saleh was a vital ally of the United States in fighting al Qaeda's branch in his country, a top priority for Washington after the branch tried to blow up a passenger jet and...
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Saleh declared his split from the Houthi movement in a televised statement on 2 December, calling on his supporters to take back the country [76] and expressed his openness to a dialogue with the Saudi-led coalition. [74] On 4 December 2017, Saleh's house in Sana'a was assaulted by fighters of the Houthi movement, according to residents. [77]
- Overview
- Early life and presidency
- Challenges to Saleh’s rule
Ali Abdullah Saleh (born March 21, 1942, Bayt al-Aḥmar, North Yemen—died December 4, 2017, Sanaa, Yemen) Yemeni military officer and president of North Yemen (1978–1990) until its unification with the south, after which he served as president of reunified Yemen (1990–2012). His presidency ended after a yearlong popular uprising in Yemen (2011–12) f...
Saleh attended the local Qurʾānic school and joined the army in 1958. Continuing to advance in his military career, he helped to bring Ibrāhīm al-Ḥamdī to power in a 1974 coup, but the assassination of Ḥamdī in 1977 and of his successor in the following year threw the country into turmoil. The result was Saleh’s elevation to the presidency by the People’s Constituent Assembly on July 17, 1978. He survived an attempted military coup later in the year and in 1983 was reelected unanimously by the People’s Constituent Assembly to a new term.
Several attempts toward the unification of North Yemen and South Yemen failed during his presidency, but the merger finally took place on May 22, 1990, with Saleh as president. In April 1993, in the first elections held after unification, Saleh’s party, the General People’s Congress (GPC), won the largest representation in the House of Representatives (parliament). A full-scale civil war between forces of the north and the south broke out on May 5, 1994, but, when the fighting ended on July 7, Saleh remained firmly in power. In elections held in 1997 the GPC consolidated its control of parliament, further strengthening the president’s position. In the first direct elections for the presidency, held in September 1999, he won more than 96 percent of the ballots cast, although most opponents boycotted the voting.
In January 2011, as a wave of popular protests swept through the Middle East and North Africa, demonstrations calling for Saleh to step down as president were held in Yemen. After making some economic concessions, in February Saleh pledged not to seek reelection in the next presidential election, scheduled for 2013. The concessions failed to placate protesters, who noted that Saleh had reneged on a previous pledge not to seek reelection in 2006. As protests demanding his immediate ouster continued, Saleh resisted, saying that his departure would cause chaos and that the protest movement threatened the country’s unity. On February 28, 2011, Saleh offered to form a unity government with members of the opposition, who rejected the offer.
Support for Saleh eroded further in March. Deadly clashes between security forces and protesters provoked a number of Yemeni officials, military officers, and tribal leaders to declare their support for the opposition. The defection of senior military officers led to a standoff between units that had sided with the opposition and units that remained loyal to Saleh; limited fighting between the two factions occurred in mid-April.
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In late April Saleh announced that he had accepted a transition plan sponsored by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The plan, which stipulated that Saleh should step down after a month in exchange for immunity from prosecution, was cautiously accepted by representatives of the opposition. However, the initiative stalled in early May when Saleh, in an apparent reversal of his position, refused to sign the agreement. In late May, after some formal changes to the agreement had been made, Saleh’s representatives announced that he was prepared to sign. However, Saleh once again refused at the last minute, causing the GCC to withdraw the agreement and suspend its effort to mediate between Saleh and the opposition. Following Saleh’s refusal to sign, heavy fighting broke out in Sanaa between pro-opposition tribal militias and troops loyal to Saleh.
On June 3 Saleh was injured and seven of his guards were killed by a bomb planted inside a mosque at the presidential palace in Sanaa. Rumours quickly circulated about Saleh’s condition, leading his representatives to deny that he had been gravely injured or killed in the attack. Hours later Saleh released an audio statement in which he asserted that he was in good health and condemned the rebel al-Aḥmar tribal fighters as outlaws. On June 4 Saleh was transported to Saudi Arabia for medical treatment, and reports indicated that Yemeni officials had understated the severity of his injuries, which included shrapnel wounds and extensive burns. Saleh’s vice president, ʿAbd Rabbuh Manṣūr Hadī, took the position of acting president in Saleh’s absence.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Dec 5, 2017 · President Hadi was forced to invite an Arab coalition of states, led by Saudi Arabia, to fight threats posed by the Houthi and Saleh alliance in March 2015.
Dec 5, 2017 · His reluctant departure from power in 2012, forced upon him by the Arab Spring after 33 years of rule, brought his Saudi-backed deputy, Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, into office.
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Dec 5, 2017 · Opposition groups dismissed his offer as a “waste of time”. Saleh later offered to step down, promising to hand power over to a civilian government.
