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Jan 25, 2024 · Learn about Erikson's theory of eight stages of personality development from infancy to adulthood. Each stage involves a psychosocial crisis that can lead to virtues or outcomes depending on how it is resolved.
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- Trust vs. Mistrust. The first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and 1 year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life.
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control.
- Initiative vs. Guilt. The third stage of psychosocial development takes place during the preschool years. At this point in psychosocial development, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interactions.
- Industry vs. Inferiority. The fourth psychosocial stage takes place during the early school years from approximately ages 5 to 11. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities.
- Trust Versus Mistrust. In the first stage of Erikson’s psychosocial model, infancy is crucial to our psychosocial development. During our initial 18 months, we are uncertain about the world in which we find ourselves and must develop basic trust.
- Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt. Stage two focuses on early childhood – 18 months to three years – when we are gaining independence and an increased perception of control over our physical skills (Erikson, 1958, 1963).
- Initiative Versus Guilt. Erikson’s third stage of psychosocial development occurs during preschool, between the ages of three and five years. At this point in our psychosocial development – when conflict occurs between initiative and guilt – we learn to assert ourselves and typically begin to direct play and social interactions.
- Industry Versus Inferiority. In stage four of Erikson’s psychosocial theory – ages 5 to 12 years – we are immersed in a world of education, learning to read, write, and solve math puzzles (Erikson, 1958, 1963).
Erikson’s (1959) theory of psychosocial development has eight distinct stages, taking in five stages up to the age of 18 years and three further stages beyond, well into adulthood. Like Freud and many others, Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a
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- Trust versus Mistrust. Is the world safe and predictable or dangerous and chaotic? Erikson believed that the first stage of psychosocial development was centered on answering this important question.
- Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt. As children enter the toddler years, they become increasingly independent. They not only begin to walk by themselves, but they also start to perform some actions independently.
- Initiative versus Guilt. The third stage of Erikson’s theory is centered on kids developing a sense of initiative. Peers become more important at this point, as kids begin to interact more with kids in their neighborhood or in their classroom.
- Industry versus Inferiority. During the school years before adolescence, children enter the psychosocial stage that Erikson referred to as industry versus inferiority.
Summary Chart. 1. Oral-Sensory. The infant must form a first loving, trustingrelationship with the caregiver, or develop a sense of mistrust. Thechild's energies are directed toward the development of physical skills,including walking, grasping, and rectal sphincter control.
Nov 7, 2022 · Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development is a theory introduced in the 1950s by the psychologist and psychoanalyst Erik Erikson. It built upon Freud’s theory of psychosexual development by drawing parallels in childhood stages while expanding it to include the influence of social dynamics as well as the extension of psychosocial ...
