Search results
General Format. In-Text Citations: The Basics. In-Text Citations: Author/Authors. Footnotes and Endnotes. Reference List: Basic Rules. Reference List: Author/Authors. Reference List: Articles in Periodicals. Reference List: Books. Reference List: Other Print Sources.
- General Format
The page template for the new OWL site does not include...
- APA Sample Paper
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample...
- In-Text Citations: The Basics
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of...
- Reference List: Electronic Sources
Please note: the following contains a list of the most...
- Reference List: Books
The following contains a list of the most commonly cited...
- Reference List: Articles in Periodicals
Please note: the following contains a list of the most...
- Reference List: Author/Authors
Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year. If...
- APA Headings and Seriation
On the basis of research conducted by the usability team,...
- Reference List: Other Print Sources
Important Note: Because the 7 th edition of the APA...
- APA Tables and Figures
If you are using figures, tables and/or data from other...
- General Format
- Citation Management Tools
- In-Text Citations
- In-Text Citation Examples
- What is a Works Cited list?
- Building your Works Cited list
- Author.
- Title of source.
- Title of container,
- Contributor,
- Version,
- Publisher,
- Location.
- Descriptive terms.
- Dissertations
- Examples of Commonly Cited Sources
- Academic journal article
- How do you cite social media posts?
- What if the source I am citing has no page numbers?
- What if I want to cite a quote that is quoted in someone else’s book?
- Sample Works Cited List
- In-Text Citations
- Citing when no date is listed
- Author: Who is responsible for creating the source?
- Date: When was the source published?
- Title: What is the title of the source?
- Follow the new way: American refugee resettlement policy and Hmong religious change
- Source: Where can the source be found by your readers?
- Examples of Commonly Cited Sources
- Sample Reference List
- Chicago
- In-Text Citations
- Endnote or footnote style citations
- What about Ibid?
- Bibliography
- What if you want to cite a quotation that is quoted in someone else’s book?
There are several software programs that can help you organize your sources and generate your citations. The Harvard Library offers information about Zotero, Endnote, and Overleaf Pro. If you are new to citation management tools, you might want to start with Zotero, since the Harvard Library offers extensive guidance for how to use it. Zotero is a ...
In MLA style, you use parenthetical citations within the text of your paper to credit your sources and to refer your reader to a more detailed citation of the source in the "Works Cited" list at the end of your paper. You should use parenthetical citations when you paraphrase, quote, or make any reference to another author's work. A parenthetical c...
When neither the author nor the page number is mentioned in the body of the sentence, you should include both the author’s last name and the page number in the parenthetical citation. Colleges and universities need to create policies that foster inclusion for low-income students (Jack 24). When the author’s name is mentioned in the sentence, you sh...
MLA style requires you to include a list of all the works cited in your paper on a new page at the end of your paper. The entries in the list should be in alphabetical order by the author's last name or by the element that comes first in the citation. (If there is no author's name listed, you would begin with the title.) The entire list should be ...
MLA citations in the Works Cited list are based on what the Modern Language Association calls "core elements." The core elements appear in the order listed below, in a citation punctuated with the punctuation mark that follows the element. For some elements, the correct punctuation will be a period, and for other elements, the correct punctuation w...
The author you should list is the primary creator of the work—the writer, the artist, or organization that is credited with creating the source. You should list the author in this format: last name, first name. If there are two authors, you should use this format: last name, first name, and first name last name. For three or more authors, you shou...
This is the book, article, or website, podcast, work of art, or any other source you are citing. If the source does not have a title, you can describe it. For example, if you are citing an email you received, you would use this format in the place of a title: Email to the author.
A container is what MLA calls the place where you found the source. It could be a book that an article appears in, a website that an image appears on, a television series from which you are citing an episode, etc. If you are citing a source that is not “contained” in another source—like a book or a film—you do not need to list a container. Some sou...
Contributors include editors, translators, directors, illustrators, or anyone else that you want to credit. You generally credit other contributors when their contributions are important to the way you are using the source. You should always credit editors of editions and anthologies of a single author’s work or of a collection of works by more tha...
If you are using a particular version of a source, such as an updated edition, you should indicate that in the citation.
For books, you can identify the publisher on the title or copyright page. For web sites, you may find the publisher at the bottom of the home page or on an “About” page. You do not need to include the publisher if you are citing a periodical or a Web site with the same name as the publisher.
The location in a print source will be the page number or range of pages you consulted. This is where the text you are citing is located in the larger container. For online sources, the location is generally a DOI, permalink, or URL. This is where your readers can locate the same online source that you consulted. MLA specifies that, if possible, yo...
If you are citing a version of a work when there are multiple versions available at the same location, you should explain this by adding a term that will describe your version. For example, if you watched a video of a presidential debate that was posted to YouTube along with a transcript, and you are quoting from the transcript, you should add the ...
If you are citing a dissertation or thesis, you should include both the degree granted and the type of manuscript. (BA thesis, MA thesis, PHD dissertation).
Below you’ll find sample citations for books, journal articles, and websites. To see examples of other types of citations, you should consult the MLA Citations by Format guide.
If you were going to cite Amanda Michiko Shigihara’s article about restaurant employees, “‘I Mean, Define Meaningful!’: Accounts of Meaningfulness among Restaurant Employees,” you would need to decide which core elements a reader would need to locate the version of the article that you read. You would start with the author and title. Author: Shi...
You should cite a tweet, Instagram post, or other social media post using the same format of core elements that you use for other sources. In this case, the “author” is the author of the post, with their handle (if it is different from their name) in parentheses. The title is the first part of the post (if text) or a description of the image (if th...
If the source has no page numbers, then you should not include any in your citations. Don’t count the pages yourself and number them since a reader may print or view the document differently, and this will create confusion.
You should avoid citing a source you have not consulted. If you can consult the original source in which the quotation appeared, then you should do that. If you cannot consult the original source, you should cite the source where you found the quotation. When you are citing a quotation that was quoted in someone else’s book, you should indicate thi...
Below, you’ll find a Works Cited page adapted from a research paper that was written by Sonia Kangaju for her Expos class about Shakespeare. The Works Cited list should always begin on a separate page from the paper itself.
In APA style, you use parenthetical citations within the text of your paper to credit your sources, to show how recently your sources were published, and to refer your reader to a more detailed citation of the source in the reference list at the end of your paper. You should use parenthetical citations when you paraphrase, quote, or make any refere...
If the work you are citing has no date listed, you should put “n.d.” for “no date” in the parenthetical citation. Writing research papers is challenging (Lam, n.d.).
The author should be listed first in each reference list entry, and the list should be alphabetical by last name. If there is more than one author, you should list each one last name first, and separate them by ampersands.
For books, you should include the date of publication. For journal articles, you should include the year of the volume listed. For websites and webpages, you should not use the copyright date on the website footer, which may not apply to the content on individual pages. Instead, look for a “last updated” date or a date at the top of a web article. ...
In an APA reference list, titles are listed in sentence case, which means you only capitalize the first word of the title, the first word of the subtitle, and any word that appears after a colon, dash, period, or question mark. You should always capitalize proper nouns. Sources that stand alone, like books or websites, should be listed in italics l...
If you are citing a source that is contained in another source, such as an article in a book or a page on a website, you should include both titles. Sources that are part of other sources should not be listed in italics or in quotation marks like this: Pandemics have long created labor shortages. Here’s why. Washington Post
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
If you want to cite a source that you found in another source, your best option is to read the original source and cite that. If you can’t read the original, then you should cite both sources in your note. You first cite the original source, and then you add a comma, followed by “quoted in” and include a full citation for the source where you found...
1. Gathering information. As you begin to gather and read your literature, you can guide your search by identifying your main research question or the goal of your research (or literature review). For each source, you should determine what information you are hoping to gain from it. • To provide an overview of a field of research.
Nov 1, 2015 · The purpose of this paper is to present review of some major studies on information management in order to provide an understanding of existing knowledge, practices, identify the gaps and make...
Jul 28, 2011 · The Oxford Handbook of Management Information Systems takes a critical and interdisciplinary view of the increasing complexity of these systems within organizations, and the strategic, managerial, and ethical issues associated with the effective use of these technologies.
Dec 2, 2019 · It offers updated guidelines on electronic workflows and publication formats, tools for PDF annotation and citation management, web accessibility standards, and effective use of metadata, abstracts, and keywords.
People also ask
What is effective information management?
What are the best practices for information management?
What is a good book about information management?
What makes a good information management strategy?
The study observed that effective information management involves three activities: planning methods, control procedures and organisational arrangements. This stresses the importance of management functions (planning, organising, leading and controlling) in any information management programmes.
