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Is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
What is hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic coma?
What is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
What is hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)?
Aug 12, 2023 · This activity reviews the pathophysiology of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management. Objectives: Explain the difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome.
- Symptoms
- Causes
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
The symptoms of HHNS may appear slowly, taking days or even weeks to fully develop. Common symptoms include: 1. Blood glucose levels over 600 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) 2. Frequent urination 3. Extreme thirst 4. Dry mouth 5. Confusion or sleepiness 6. Unexpected weight loss 7. Skin that is warm and dry without sweating 8. Fever (usually over ...
HHNS develops when glucose levels surge(typically above 600 mg/dl), leading to severe dehydration. This dehydration occurs because elevated levels of glucose cause blood to become thicker and result in the body needing to produce more urine in order to lower them. The result is frequent urination, which can result in serious or even life-threatenin...
HHNS is diagnosed based on symptoms and by measuring blood glucose levels, which can be performed with a finger stick. A blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL and low ketone levelsare the main factors for diagnosis of HHNS. Serum osmolality, a test that measures the body's water/electrolyte balance, also is used to diagnose HHNS. Serum osmolality specif...
Treatment typically involves starting intravenous (IV) fluids (saline solution delivered through a needle into a vein) to rehydrate the body quickly. It also may require IV insulin to bring down blood sugar levels. Potassium and sometimes sodium phosphate replenishment may also be required to support cell function. If you are hospitalized due to ...
- Gary Gilles
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (previously referred to as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma [HHNK] and nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome [NKHS]) is a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has an estimated mortality rate of up to 20%, which is significantly higher than the mortality for diabetic ketoacidosis (currently < 1%).
Dec 1, 2017 · Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a life-threatening emergency manifested by marked elevation of blood glucose and hyperosmolarity with little or no ketosis. Although there...
- 50 to 100 mEq per kg
- 50 to 100 mEq per kg
- 3 to 7 mEq per kg
- 70 to 140 mEq per kg
Feb 17, 2023 · HHS happens when very high blood sugar leads to severe dehydration and highly concentrated blood (high osmolality), which are life-threatening. HHS also involves a lack of insulin, but the person usually still produces enough insulin to prevent the production of ketones.
Pathophysiology. HHS is usually precipitated by an infection, myocardial infarction, stroke or another acute illness. A relative insulin deficiency leads to a serum glucose that is usually higher than 33 mmol/L (600 mg/dL), and a resulting serum osmolarity that is greater than 320 mOsm.
Aug 1, 2018 · PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. HHS and DKA represent the two ends of the spectrum of markedly decompensated diabetes, differing mainly in severity of acidosis, ketosis and dehydration. HHS usually occurs with a lesser degree of insulinopenia compared with DKA, but the pathophysiology is otherwise thought to be similar.
