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- DictionaryRow·ing/ˈrōiNG/
noun
- 1. the sport or pastime of propelling a boat by means of oars.
The meaning of ROWING is the propelling of a boat by means of oars : the action of one that rows. How to use rowing in a sentence.
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Rowing is the sport of racing boats using oars, divided into sculling and sweep rowing. Learn about the origins, rules, equipment and competitions of rowing, from ancient Egypt to modern Olympics.
Rowing is the sport or activity of rowing a boat with oars. Learn how to say rowing in different languages and see examples of its usage.
Rowing is the act of propelling a boat with oars attached to it. Learn about the origins of rowing in ancient Egypt, Greece and northern Europe, and the different rowing systems and techniques used today.
- Overview
- History
- The course and equipment
- Stroke and style of training
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rowing, propulsion of a boat by means of oars. As a sport, it involves watercraft known as shells (usually propelled by eight oars) and sculls (two or four oars), which are raced mainly on inland rivers and lakes. The term rowing refers to the use of a single oar grasped in both hands, while sculling involves the use of two oars, one grasped in each hand.
In competitive rowing the oar is a shaft of wood with a rounded handle at one end and a shaped blade at the other. The shaft usually consists of two halves hollowed out and glued together in order to save weight and increase flexibility. The blade—a thin broadened surface—is either flat or slightly curved at the sides and tip to produce a firm grip of the water. The loom, or middle portion of the oar, rests either in a notch or oarlock (rowlock) or between thole pins on the gunwale (top edge) of the boat in order to serve as a fulcrum of the oar. The loom is protected against wear in this area of contact by a short sleeve of leather or plastic. Oars have fixed leather or adjustable metal or plastic collars, called buttons, to prevent slippage outboard. In sculling, the oars are called sculls.
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Rowing began as a means of transportation. Galleys, used as war vessels and ships of state, prevailed in ancient Egypt (on the Nile River) and subsequently in the Roman Empire (on the Mediterranean) from at least the 25th century bce to the 4th century ce. Rowing was also an important adjunct to sailing for the Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Norwegians in their waterborne military forays. Rowing in England, of both small boats and barges, began on the River Thames as early as the 13th century and resulted in a company of watermen who transported passengers up, down, and across the Thames in and near London. Wagering by passengers in different boats by the 16th century led to races, at first impromptu and later organized. By the early 18th century there were more than 40,000 liveried watermen. Doggett’s Coat and Badge, an organized watermen’s race, has been held annually since 1715. The watermen were, of course, professionals, and the regattas, programs of racing, held throughout the 18th century were also professional. A similar form of racing by ferrymen in the United States began early in the 19th century.
Rowing in six- and eight-oar boats began as a club and school activity for amateurs about this time in England and somewhat later in the United States. Organized racing began at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in the 1820s, culminating in 1839 in the Henley Regatta (from 1851 the Henley Royal Regatta), which has continued to the present. Rowing as sport developed from the 1830s to the ’60s in Australia and Canada and during the same period became popular throughout Europe and in the United States. (Harvard and Yale universities first raced in 1851; the first open regatta for amateurs was held in 1872.) Throughout the century professional sculling was a popular sport.
Under FISA rules, all races take place over a 2,000-metre (6,560-foot) straight course on still water, each crew or sculler racing in a separate, buoy-marked lane. Racing shells range in overall length from 18.9 metres (62 feet) for an eight, 13.4 metres (44 feet) for a four, and 10.4 metres (34 feet) for a pair, to 8.2 metres (27 feet) for a single scull. There are no specifications for weight, which varies according to materials used and ranges from 14 kilograms (30.8 pounds) for a scull to 96 kg (212 pounds) or more for a shell for eights. The size, shape, and weights of oars are also not specified, but they are generally about 4 metres (13 feet) in length and weigh about 3.6 kg (8 pounds).
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Events classified as lightweight are for women rowers not exceeding 59 kg (130 pounds) and men rowers not exceeding 72.5 kg (160 pounds). All rowers must weigh in between one and two hours before a race.
The racing stroke begins with the entry of the oar blade into the water (the catch). The stroke underwater follows, and then the travel of the blade out of the water (the recovery). Turning the blade horizontally by wrist motion as the oar handle is depressed to raise the blade clear of the water at the beginning of the recovery is called feathering. The extraction of the blade after driving the boat through the water is called the finish. Turning of the blade from horizontal to vertical in preparation for the catch is called squaring.
Early fixed-seat rowing used the English stroke: body swing produced most of the power, the arms being used mainly to transfer the weight of the body to the oar. With the introduction of the sliding seat (1857 in the United States; 1871 in England), leg drive was added. Later style changes introduced by Steve Fairbairn in 1881 emphasized leg drive and arm pull. The German coach Karl Adam in the 1950s produced good results when he introduced new training methods based on Fahrtspiel (“speed play”), originally used for training runners, and on interval training (short sprints alternated with long runs).
Rowing is the use of oars to propel a boat or as a sport. Learn about the history, equipment, and events of rowing, as well as the stroke cycle and techniques of sweep and sculling.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jan 18, 2024 · Rowing is a sport of pushing a boat with oars as fast as possible. Learn about the history, equipment, gameplay, positions, and rules of rowing from this web page.
Rowing is a sport in which people or teams race against each other in boats with oars.
