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  1. Learn how to use the formula SD = ∑ | x − μ | 2 N to find the standard deviation of a data set. Follow a step-by-step interactive example with a small data set and a summary of the process.

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    • Standard Deviation
    • Sample Standard Deviation
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    • Why Take A sample?
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    The Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are. You might like to read this simpler page on Standard Deviationfirst. But here we explain the formulas. The symbol for Standard Deviation is σ(the Greek letter sigma). Say what?Please explain! OK. Let us explain it step by step. Say we have a bunch of numbers like 9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, ...

    But wait, there is more ... ... sometimes our data is only a sampleof the whole population. We can still estimatethe Standard Deviation. But when we use the sample as an estimate of the whole population, the Standard Deviation formula changes to this: The important change is "N-1" instead of "N"(which is called "Bessel's correction"). OK, let us no...

    Using the whole population we got: Mean = 7, Standard Deviation = 2.983... Using the sample we got: Sample Mean = 6.5, Sample Standard Deviation = 3.619... Our Sample Mean was wrong by 7%, and our Sample Standard Deviation was wrong by 21%.

    Mostly because it is easier and cheaper. There is a nice quote (possibly by Samuel Johnson): "You don't have to eat the whole animal to know that the meat is tough." This is the essential idea of sampling. To find out information about the population (such as mean and standard deviation), we do not need to look at allmembers of the population; we o...

    Learn how to calculate the standard deviation of a set of numbers using the formula σ = √ (Σ (x - μ)2 / N). See examples with steps and explanations for population and sample data.

  3. Learn how to interpret and calculate the standard deviation, a measure of variability that uses the original data units. See examples, graphs, and formulas for the sample and population versions.

  4. Learn what is variance and standard deviation, how to calculate them for population and sample data, and see examples with solutions. Standard deviation is a measure of how much variation exists from the mean in a data set.

  5. Learn how to calculate standard deviation of ungrouped and grouped data using different formulas and methods. See examples, definitions, and explanations of standard deviation as a measure of dispersion and variation.

  6. Learn how to calculate standard deviation for population and sample data using formulas and examples. See the steps, videos and exercises to practice the concept.

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