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The development of sociology can be divided into a number of phases: • • • • • • • • • its origins in the mid-18th century when it was met with optimism as a new science that would help humanity’s progress its establishment as an academic discipline at the beginning of the 20th century—this phase is associated with the ...
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Introduction to Sociology. • Sociologists focus upon, investigate, and challenge social patterns, among other issues and areas. • Sociology helps students understand the issues facing society and discuss them in an informed and critical manner.
Filled with anecdotes, examples, illustrations, and critical thinking questions, the sixth edition of Elements challenges students to think differently about both sociology and the world around them.
Jun 30, 2020 · The sixth edition of Anthony Giddens' "Sociology" is the best yet. Revised and updated throughout, it provides an authoritative overview of recent global developments and new ideas in sociology. Classic debates are also given careful coverage, with even the most complex ideas explained in an engaging way.
- LEARNING OBJECTIVE
- KEY TAKEAWAYS
- FOR YOUR REVIEW
- Sociological Explanations: The Development of the Self
- KEY TAKEAWAYS
- FOR YOUR REVIEW
- LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- The Family
- Schools
- Religion
- KEY TAKEAWAYS
- FOR YOUR REVIEW
- LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- KEY TAKEAWAYS
- KEY TAKEAWAYS
- LEARNING OBJECTIVE
- KEY TAKEAWAY
- Summary
- USING SOCIOLOGY
1. Describe why socialization is important for being fully human. We have just noted that socialization is how culture is learned, but socialization is also important for another important reason. To illustrate this importance, let’s pretend we find a 6-year-old child who has had almost no human contact since birth. After the child was born, her mo...
Socialization is the process through which individuals learn their culture and become fully human. Unfortunate examples of extreme human isolation illustrate the importance of socialization for children’s social and cognitive development.
Do you agree that effective socialization is necessary for an individual to be fully human? Could this assumption imply that children with severe developmental disabilities, who cannot undergo effective socialization, are not fully human? Do you know anyone with negative views in regard to race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, or religious prefer...
One set of explanations, and the most sociological of those we discuss, looks at how the self3, or one’s identity, self-concept, and self-image, develops. These explanations stress that we learn how to interact by first interacting with others and that we do so by using this interaction to gain an idea of who we are and what they expect of us.
Cooley and Mead explained how one’s self-concept and self-image develop. Freud focused on the need to develop a proper balance among the id, ego, and superego. Piaget wrote that cognitive development among children and adolescents occurs from four stages of social interaction. Kohlberg wrote about stages of moral development and emphasized the impo...
Select one of the theories of socialization in this section, and write about how it helps you to understand your own socialization. Gilligan emphasized that girls take social relationships into account in their moral development, while boys tend to stress the importance of formal rules. Do you agree with her argument? Why or why not?
Identify five agents of socialization. Describe positive and negative aspects of the socialization these agents produce. Several institutional and other sources of socialization exist and are called agents of socialization. The first of these, the family, is certainly the most important agent of socialization for infants and young children.
Should parents get the credit when their children turn out to be good kids and even go on to accomplish great things in life? Should they get the blame if their children turn out to be bad? No parent deserves all the credit or blame for their children’s successes and failures in life, but the evidence indicates that our parents do affect us profoun...
11. The beliefs and values that children learn in school. Schools socialize children in several ways. First, students learn a formal curriculum, informally called the “three Rs”: reading, writing, and arithmetic. This phase of their socialization is necessary for them to become productive members of their society. Second, because students interact ...
One final agent of socialization is religion, discussed further in Chapter 12 "Aging and the Elderly". Although religion is arguably less important in people’s lives now than it was a few generations ago, it still continues to exert considerable influence on our beliefs, values, and behaviors. Here we should distinguish between religious preference...
The ways in which parents socialize children depend in part on the parents’ social class and on their child’s biological sex. Schools socialize children by teaching them both the formal curriculum and a hidden curriculum. Peers are an important source of emotional support and companionship, but peer pressure can induce individuals to behave in ways...
Describe one important value or attitude you have that is the result of socialization by your parent(s). Do you agree that there is a hidden curriculum in secondary schools? Explain your answer. Briefly describe one example of how peers influenced you or someone you know in a way that you now regard as negative.
List the major changes of the life course. Provide an example of how events during childhood may have a lifelong impact. As you probably realize by now, most theories and discussions of socialization concern childhood. However, socialization continues throughout the several stages of the life course, most commonly categorized as childhood, adolesce...
The four stages of the life course are childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Socialization continues throughout all these stages. What happens during childhood may have lifelong consequences. Traumatic experiences and other negative events during childhood may impair psychological well-being in adolescence and beyond and lead to various b...
Resocialization involves far-reaching changes in an individual’s values, beliefs, and behavior. Total institutions exert total control over the lives of their residents. They typically try to eliminate the individual identity of their residents and often subject them to harsh treatment.
1. Explain why new patterns of socialization might help address certain social issues in American society. This chapter began with a news story about the beating and killing of a gay man and proceeded with the stories of two women who grew up in the South when it was racially segregated. These stories illustrate the power of socialization, which ca...
• New socialization practices might be necessary to address many of the social ills facing the United States and other societies.
Socialization is important for at least two reasons. First, it is the process by which people learn the culture of their society. Second, it is the process by which they become fully human in terms of behavior, emotions, and cognitive ability. The unfortunate examples of feral children reinforce the importance of socialization in these respects. Ch...
Imagine that you are sitting with two friends in a dining hall or cafeteria on your campus. An openly gay student you know walks by on his way out the door and you wave to him. As he exits the room, you hear someone at a table behind you utter an antigay remark. Angered by this slur, you feel that you need to say something, but you also are not ord...
Dec 19, 2023 · The sixth edition of Anthony Giddens' "Sociology" is the best yet. Revised and updated throughout, it provides an authoritative overview of recent global developments and new ideas in sociology.
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Summary: . Explain concepts central to sociology . Understand how different sociological perspectives have developed. Figure 2: Sociologists learn about society as a whole while studying one-to-one and group interactions. (Photo courtesy of Robert S. Donovan/flickr)
