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Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of roughly 5.6 million residents as of 2021, with more than 6.4 million people living in the metropolitan area.
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Leningrad Oblast is located around the Gulf of Finland and south of two great freshwater lakes, Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega. The oblast includes the Karelian Isthmus and some islands, including Gogland in the Gulf of Finland and Konevetsin Lake Ladoga. Much of the area of the oblast belongs to the drainage basin of the Neva, which is the only outflo...
Early history
The territory of present-day Leningrad Oblast was populated shortly after the end of the Weichselian glaciation and now hosts numerous archaeological remnants. The Volga trade route and trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks crossed the territory. Staraya Ladoga, the first capital of legendary Rurik, founded in the 8th-9th century, is situated in the east of the oblast, on the Volkhov River. In the 12th-15th centuries, the territory was divided between the Kingdom of Sweden and Novgoro...
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border wit...
Population: 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Census). Vital statistics for 2022: 1. Births: 12,082 (6.3 per 1,000) 2. Deaths: 25,976 (13.6 per 1,000) Total fertility rate (2022): 0.87 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 70.17 years (male — 65.43, female — 74.94) Ethnic composi...
State power in the region is exercised on the basis of the Charter, which was adopted on 27 October 1994. The highest official of the region is the governor, who is elected for a term of five years. Since 28 May 2012, he has been Aleksandr Drozdenko. The executive power in the region is exercised by the administration, which includes: 1. The govern...
Administratively, Leningrad Oblast is divided into seventeen districts and one town of oblast significance (Sosnovy Bor). In terms of area, the largest administrative district is Podporozhsky (7,706 square kilometers (2,975 sq mi)), and the smallest is Lomonosovsky(1,919 square kilometers (741 sq mi)). Lomonosovsky District is the only district in ...
Industry
The oblast, particularly the areas adjacent to Saint Petersburg, is heavily industrialized. The major enterprises include the oil refinery in Kirishi, the Ford car assembly plant, Hyundai Russia assembly plant and the Rexam PLC Beverage Can Europe and Asia packaging plant in Vsevolozhsk, the paper mill in Syssstroy, and the paper mill and the plant producing oil platforms in Vyborg, and the Tikhvin industrial sitein Tikhvin.
Agriculture
The main agricultural specializations of the oblast are cattle breeding with meat and milk production and poultry production. The main agricultural lands are in the east and in the southwest of the oblast.
Transportation
Saint-Petersburg is a major railway hub, and all railways running to it cross also Leningrad Oblast. They connect Saint-Petersburg with Moscow (Saint Petersburg – Moscow Railway), Helsinki via Vyborg, Murmansk via Petrozavodsk, Sortavala via Priozersk, Tallinn via Kingisepp, Riga via Pskov, Vitebsk via Dno, and Veliky Novgorod. There is a network of railways at the Karelian Isthmus, in particular, connecting Vyborg and Priozersk, as well as south of Saint-Petersburg. There also railway lines...
Architecture
Since prehistory, the Volkhov and the Neva Rivers were constituents of major trade routes, and archaeological sites dot their banks. Staraya Ladoga has many pre-1700 sites, including two of about a couple of dozens standing pre-Mongol churches in Russia. Both of them were built in the 1160s. The Oreshek Fortress in Shlisselburg and the Koporye Fortress, both built in the 14th century, and the Ivangorod Fortress, originally built in 1492, are excellent examples of Russian fortification art. Po...
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1. Закон №6-оз от 27 октября 1994 г. «Устав Ленинградской области», в ред. Закона №103-оз от 27 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в областной Закон "Устав Ленинградской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального публикования. Опубликован: "Вестник Правительства Ленинградской области", №1, 12 января 1995 г. (Law #6-oz of October 27, 1994 Charter of Leningrad Oblast, as amended by the Law #103-oz of December 27, 2013 On Amending the Oblast Law "Charter of Leningrad Oblast". Effective as...
Nature
1. Айрапетьянц А.Э., Стрелков П.П., Фокин И.М. Звери. [Природа Ленинградской области]. Leningrad: Лениздат, 1987. 2. Балашова Н.Б., Никитина В.Н. Водоросли [Природа Ленинградской области]. Leningrad: Лениздат, 1989. ISBN 5-289-00344-4 3. Биоразнообразие Ленинградской области (Водоросли. Грибы. Лишайники. Мохообразные. Беспозвоночные животные. Рыбы и рыбообразные)/ Под. ред. Н.Б.Балашовой, А.А.Заварзина. - (Труды Санкт-Петербургского общества естествоиспытателей. Серия 6. Том 2.). – Saint-Pete...
History
1. Лапшин В. А. Археологическая карта Ленинградской области. Часть 1: Западные районы. Leningrad, 1990. 2. Лапшин В. А. Археологическая карта Ленинградской области. Часть 2: Восточные и северные районы. Saint-Petersburg: Изд. СПбГУ, 1995. ISBN 5-87403-052-2 3. Лебедев Г. С. Археологические памятники Ленинградской области. Leningrad: Лениздат, 1977.
Leningrad, oblast (province), northwestern Russia. It comprises all the Karelian Isthmus and the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland as far west as Narva. It extends eastward along the southern shore of Lake Ladoga and the Svir River as far as Lake Onega.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Sep 1, 2021 · Russia’s leaders scrapped the name Leningrad on Friday, a dramatic break with communism for the city that was the birthplace of the 1917 Bolshevik revolution. The name change formally takes...
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Sep 8, 2016 · The Siege of Leningrad: When Hitler Used Starvation as a Weapon. When German forces closed in around the Soviet city of Leningrad in September 1941, a siege began that would last nearly 900...
Aug 28, 2023 · The Siege. German soldiers in front of burning houses and a church, near Leningrad in 1941. The impact of this bombardment on Leningraders was horrific, with an extreme famine occurring due to the city's isolation and the many factories and hospitals destroyed by German aerial raids.
