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Learn about Switzerland, a landlocked country in west-central Europe with four official languages and a long history of neutrality and democracy. Find out about its economy, society, politics, and role in international institutions and organisations.
- Overview
- Land
Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Switzerland’s administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Switzerland’s small size—its total area is about half that of Scotland—and its modest population give little indication of its international significance.
A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with neat farms and small villages, and thriving cities that blend the old and the new, Switzerland is the nexus of the diverse physical and cultural geography of western Europe, renowned for both its natural beauty and its way of life. Aspects of both have become bywords for the country, whose very name conjures images of the glacier-carved Alps beloved of writers, artists, photographers, and outdoor sports enthusiasts from around the world.
For many outsiders, Switzerland also evokes a prosperous if rather staid and unexciting society, an image that is now dated. Switzerland remains wealthy and orderly, but its mountain-walled valleys are far more likely to echo the music of a local rock band than a yodel or an alphorn. Most Swiss live in towns and cities, not in the idyllic rural landscapes that captivated the world through Johanna Spyri’s Heidi (1880–81), the country’s best-known literary work. Switzerland’s cities have emerged as international centres of industry and commerce connected to the larger world, a very different tenor from Switzerland’s isolated, more inward-looking past. As a consequence of its remarkably long-lived stability and carefully guarded neutrality, Switzerland—Geneva, in particular—has been selected as headquarters for a wide array of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, including many associated with the United Nations (UN)—an organization the Swiss resisted joining until the early 21st century.
Switzerland’s rugged topography and multicultural milieu have tended to emphasize difference. People living in close proximity may speak markedly distinct, sometimes nearly mutually unintelligible dialects of their first language, if not a different language altogether. German, French, Italian, and Romansh all enjoy national status, and English is spoken widely. Invisible lines separate historically Protestant from historically Roman Catholic districts, while the tall mountains of the St. Gotthard Pass separate northern from southern Europe and their diverse sensibilities and habits. Yet, Switzerland has forged strength from all these differences, creating a peaceful society in which individual rights are carefully balanced against community and national interests.
Britannica Quiz
Which Country Is Larger By Area? Quiz
Switzerland is bordered to the west by France, to the north by Germany, to the east by Austria and Liechtenstein, and to the south by Italy. It extends about 135 miles (220 km) from north to south and 220 miles (350 km) at its widest extent from west to east. Switzerland’s landscape is among the world’s most unusual, and it has long had to contend ...
- Jungfraujoch. Jungfraujoch On the Top of Europe: A visit to the Jungfraujoch puts a jewel in the crown of any visit to Switzerland. Learn more.
- Crans-Montana. Crans-Montana Sun-drenched plateau high above the Rhone Valley. Learn more.
- Andermatt. Albert Heim Hut The views of the Galenstock and the crystalline rock-climbing routes are stunning.
- Rigi. Rigi Kaltbad Swiss Quality Hotel Enjoy the hospitality in an inspiring alpine setting. Learn more. Highland hike from Rigi-Kaltbad to Urmiberg The highland tour from Kaltbad via the Scheidegg to Urmiberg can only be described as absolute top!
- Jungfrau. Best for outdoor activities. The idyllic Jungfrau region is the icing on the Alpine cake of Switzerland’s Bernese Oberland. Sky-high peaks, glaciers and thundering falls elicit gasps of wonder wherever you go.
- Bern. Best for stepping back in time. Bern often pops up in those I-can’t-believe-it’s-the-capital trivia questions, but frankly, Switzerland’s first city deserves more love.
- Geneva and Lake Geneva. Best for a cosmopolitan city experience. In Switzerland’s western crook, crescent-shaped Lake Geneva (Lac Léman to Francophones) is a joy to behold with its mountain backdrop, spirit-lifting views, vineyards and shoreline necklaced with handsome cities and castle-crowned towns.
- Zermatt. Best for hiking, skiing and rock-climbing. No peak has more pulling power than the 4,478m (14,692ft) Matterhorn, a terrific, gnarled fang of rock that flings up above the seductive, timber chalet-filled Alpine resort of Zermatt.
- Prioritise what you want to see. It’s possible to drive the breadth of Switzerland in just a few hours, but this small country packs a lot in, from culture-rich cities and little mountain villages to epic alpine landscapes and vast lakes.
- Pack for all weathers. Generally speaking, Switzerland is seasonally predictable, with hot summers and cold winters, but there are always exceptions to keep you on your toes.
- Download the SBB app and look for Supersaver tickets. The easiest way to buy train tickets is on the app provided by SBB/CFF/FFS, Switzerland’s rail service.
- Book hotels and mountain cabins well in advance. Switzerland’s a popular place, so accommodation gets booked up well in advance. Always plan ahead, especially if you’re on a budget.
Sep 18, 2023 · Learn everything you need to know about exploring Switzerland, from its best time to visit, its diverse regions, its transportation options, and its cultural attractions. Discover the country's natural beauty, its cities, its festivals, and its cuisine in this comprehensive guide.
Jul 11, 2024 · Discover the natural beauty, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities of Switzerland, from Interlaken to Zermatt. Whether you're into skiing, wine tasting, hiking, or history, this guide has something for everyone.