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To complicate matters a little more, there are really two separate tracks for policymaking. The first track is the authorization process. Authorizing bills reflect Congress’ support for the idea of the policy. Essentially Congress says, “yes, we want to create this policy.”
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Mar 12, 2022 · Lasswell (1956) divided the process into seven different stages, each with a specific policy-making function: intelligence, recommendation, prescription, invocation, application, appraisal, and termination.
- Marco Schito
This chapter looks more closely at the steps in the policymaking process. Perhaps more importantly, it looks at how different ideologies shape social wel-fare policy, how people attempt to influence policy, and how governments acquire the funds to support their functions. Politics intervenes at every step in the policymaking process.
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that affect the context of policymaking: (1) the political environment, (2) the economic environment, (3) the social and cultural environment, and (4) the administrative environ-ment. We unpack what each of these contexts means for creating policy. The Political Environment
- Problem Identification. The first step in the policy making process is to identify a public problem. Problem identification is more difficult than it may seem; while one person or group may believe there is a problem, another group may not.
- Agenda Setting. Once a problem has been identified, the next step in the policy making process is to attract the attention of policymakers, thus encouraging them to include the problem on their personal agenda.
- Policy Formulation. After a public problem has received attention from policymakers, it must be formulated and articulated into a policy in written form.
- Policy Legitimation. Policy legitimation is the step in the policy making process that students have likely studied. American government classes teach students how a bill becomes a law and this step is no different.
In this chapter, we’ll explore two theories that attempt to explain the timing of policy making and policy discussions: John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework and Frank Baumgartner and Bryan Jones’ Punctuated Equilibrium Theory.
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In this section, I’ll introduce you to two foundational frameworks and one typology that have been very influential in the study of public policy. In subsequent chapters, I’ll introduce you to a few more complex theories that help to explain the policymaking process.
