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John Maynard Keynes was arguably the greatest economist of the 20th century. He discovered the idea that governments should stimulate demand during economic downturns – and was the creator of both the IMF and the World Bank.
- 00:11:17
- Post-Keynesian Economics
- Explainer Video
- Reflection of Economics
- Education and Early Career
- Advocacy of Government Intervention in The Economy
- What Is Keynesian Economics?
- Criticism of Keynesian Economics
- Examples of Keynesian Economics
- Legacy
- The Bottom Line
Keynes’ early interest in economics was due in large part to his father, John Neville Keynes, an economics lecturer at Cambridge University. His mother, one of Cambridge's first female graduates, was active in charitable work for the underprivileged. Born into a middle-class family, he received scholarships to two of the most elite schools in Engla...
Keynes' father was an advocate of laissez-faire economics, an economic philosophy of free-marketcapitalism that opposes government intervention. Keynes himself was a conventional believer in the principles of the free market (and an active investor in the stock market) during his time at Cambridge. However, after the 1929 stock market crash trigger...
The theories of John Maynard Keynes, known as Keynesian economics, center around the idea that governments should play an active role in their countries' economies, instead of just letting the free market reign. Specifically, Keynes advocated federal spending to mitigate downturns in business cycles. The most basic principle of Keynesian economics ...
Although widely adopted after World War II, Keynesian economics has attracted plenty of criticism since the ideas were first introduced in the 1930s. One major criticism deals with the concept of big government—the expansion of federal initiatives that must occur to enable the government to participate actively in the economy. Rival economic theori...
The New Deal
The onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s significantly influenced Keynes’ economic theories and led to the widespread adoption of several of his policies. To address the crisis in the U.S., President Franklin Roosevelt enacted the New Deal, a series of government programs that directly reflected the Keynesian principle that even a free-enterprise capitalist system requires some federal oversight. With the New Deal, the U.S. government intervened to stimulate the national economy on an u...
Great Recession Spending
In response to the Great Recession of 2007–2009, President Barack Obama took several steps that reflected Keynesian economic theory. The federal government bailed out debt-ridden companies in several industries. It also took into conservatorship Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two major market makers and guarantors of mortgages and home loans. In 2009, President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, an $831-billion government stimulus package designed to save existing jobs...
COVID-19 Stimulus Checks
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, the U.S. government under President Donald Trump and President Joseph Biden offered a variety of relief, loan-forgiveness, and loan-extension programs. The U.S. government also supplemented weekly state unemployment benefits and sent American taxpayers direct aid in the form of three separate, tax-free stimulus checks.
Since the 1930s, the popularity of Keynesian economics has risen and fallen, and the theories have undergone considerable revision since Keynes' day. However, the economic school of thought he founded has left one indelible stamp on modern nations: the idea that governments have a role to play in business—even in capitalist economies.
John Maynard Keynes and Keynesian economics were revolutionary in the 1930s and did much to shape post-World War II economies in the mid-20th century. His theories came under attack in the 1970s, saw a resurgence in the 2000s, and are still debated today. A core principle of Keynesian economics is that the best way to pull an economy out of a reces...
John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes[ 3] CB, FBA ( / keɪnz / KAYNZ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist and philosopher whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and greatly refined earlier work on ...
Jul 28, 2024 · Keynesian economics, as developed by economist John Maynard Keynes, comprise a theory of total spending in the economy and its effects on output and inflation.
Mar 20, 2012 · The great question was whether the symbols and institutions of the old order— laissez faire, nationalism, the gold standard, empire, and Victorian morals—could survive in a new era of sovereign debt, despair and dashed hopes, debauched currencies, and a permanently changed balance of world power.
- James Piereson
- jpiereson@yahoo.com
- 2012
I use this seeming tension as an opening into Keynes's politics of time, both as a crucial dimension of his political thought and a contribution to debates about political temporality and intertemporal choice.
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ABSTRACT. Keynesian macroeconomic theory and the new theory of the. hitherto neglected branch of political science, public administration, which. were both independently introduced at about the same time in the New Deal period of the 1930s, complemented each other.
