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Cleveland, officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in Northeast Ohio along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and lies approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of Pennsylvania.
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Cleveland, city, seat (1810) of Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It is a major St. Lawrence Seaway port on the southern shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. Greater Cleveland sprawls along the lake for about 100 miles (160 km) and runs more than 40 miles (65 km) inland, encompassing Cuyahoga, Lake, Geauga, and Medina counties and more than 70 suburban communities, including Lakewood, Parma, Shaker Heights, Cleveland Heights, East Cleveland, Euclid, Garfield Heights, and Rocky River.
Most of the city lies on a plain that rises 60 to 80 feet (18 to 25 metres) above the lake and is divided by the narrow valley of the Cuyahoga, locally known as the Flats. Lake Erie moderates the city’s climate, keeping temperatures generally cooler in summer and warmer in winter and occasionally causing heavy "lake effect" winter snows. Inc. city, 1836. Area city, 82 square miles (212 square km). Pop. (2010) 396,815; Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metro Area, 2,077,240; (2020) 372,624; Cleveland-Elyria Metro Area, 2,088,251.
Erie Indians in the region were driven out by the Iroquois in the 17th century. The French established a trading post in the vicinity in the mid-18th century. In 1786, three years after the American Revolution, when the Ohio country was opened for settlement, Connecticut laid claim to a vast area of land (the Western Reserve) in northeastern Ohio. Moses Cleaveland, from the Connecticut Land Company, arrived with surveyors at the mouth of the Cuyahoga in July 1796 to map the area. He founded and laid out the town of Cleaveland. (In 1832 an a in Cleaveland was dropped to shorten a newspaper’s masthead.)
The city’s growth was slow until 1832, when the Ohio and Erie Canal (begun in 1825 to connect Lake Erie and the Ohio River) was completed. In the 1850s railroads increased the community’s commercial and industrial activity. When St. Marys Falls Canal (Soo Canal) between Lakes Superior and Huron was opened in 1855, Cleveland became Lake Erie’s transshipment point for lumber, copper and iron ore, and rail shipments of coal and farm produce. The American Civil War provided the initial stimulus for iron and steel processing, metals fabrication, oil refining (John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil there), and chemical manufacturing. Suburban trains were developed at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s Cleveland had the appearance of a modern metropolis, with main roads converging on its Public Square, which was dominated by the 708-foot (216-metre) Terminal Tower. Rapid-transit lines now extend to Shaker Heights and East Cleveland (east) and to the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (southwest).
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Cleveland’s economy, hard hit by the Great Depression of the 1930s, experienced renewed growth during World War II. However, the city’s industrial mainstays subsequently declined, a decline matched by a precipitous drop in population; in 2000 Cleveland’s population was only about half of what it had been in the peak year of 1950, when it reached 915,000. Tens of thousands (mainly those of European ancestry) moved to the suburbs, but many others left the area as jobs disappeared. Economic hardship especially affected the city’s large and less-mobile African American community, which by 2000 constituted more than half of the city’s population. In 1966 Cleveland’s Hough district was the scene of violent racial disorders. Municipal government faced mounting budgetary problems, capped by default on bank loans in the late 1970s. In addition, environmental pollution became severe, a condition infamously highlighted by a June 1969 fire on the Cuyahoga River caused by floating chemical wastes.
In 1967 Carl Stokes was elected mayor of Cleveland, the first African American to win such office in a major U.S. city. Under Stokes and his successors (white and black), the city undertook a long revitalization process. Beginning in the 1960s, much of the downtown area was rebuilt, and since the 1980s steps have been taken to improve the city’s environment. Notable effort has been directed at cleaning up the Cuyahoga. The downtown skyline, long dominated by Terminal Tower (1930), was dramatically altered by the addition of BP Tower (1985) and the 63-story Key Tower (1991), at the time of its completion the tallest building between New York City and Chicago.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
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Named after General Moses Cleaveland, the City of Cleveland was incorporated in 1836. Aided by its proximity to rail and water routes and natural resources like iron and oil, the City of Cleveland served as a central hub for industrial growth, commerce, and trade throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.
- Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Visit website Get directions. Ohio is home to one of the best parks on the East Coast, Cuyahoga Valley National Park. The park is conveniently located two hours from Columbus and is a great place to visit for those who love hiking and being in nature.
- Cleveland Botanical Garden. Visit website Get directions. If you're looking for a relaxing way to unwind, wandering around the pretty Cleveland Botanical Garden is recommended.
- Old Stone Church. Visit website Get directions. Another of the historic Cleveland buildings that you can't miss is the Old Stone Church. Constructed in 1855, the church is built in a Romanesque style and is the oldest building in Cleveland's Public Square.
- Cleveland Grays Armory Museum. Visit website Get directions. Cleveland Grays Armory was constructed in 1894 by Cleveland Grays military company. Today, the Romanesque-style armory is the oldest building in downtown Cleveland and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Sep 2, 2020 · Jillian Dara. For too long, Cleveland was the object of mockery, derided as “the mistake on the lake.”. But for those who know it, it can be fun, active … and maybe even a little trendy. There are restaurants that can be a veritable trip around the world, a fertile live music scene, museums, and art studios, and parks and beaches aplenty ...
- Vince Guerrieri
Cleveland is a culturally diverse city on the shores of Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA. Recreational, cultural and educational opportunities are abundant throughout Northeast Ohio.
Feb 7, 2024 · Things to Do in Cleveland, Ohio. 1. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2. Cleveland Museum of Natural History. 3. Cleveland Museum of Art. 4. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland. 5. Great Lakes Science Center. 6. West Side Market. 7. Lake View Cemetery. 8. A Christmas Story House. 9. Cuyahoga Valley National Park.
