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  1. Roger II or Roger the Great ( Italian: Ruggero II; Sicilian: Ruggeru II; 22 December 1095 – 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily and Africa, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, became Duke of Apulia and Calabria in 1127, then King of Sicily in 1130 and King of Africa in 1148.

  2. May 18, 2018 · Roger II (1095-1154), king of Sicily from 1130 to 1154, was the most able ruler in 12th-century Europe. He organized a multiracial, multinational kingdom in which Arabic, Byzantine, Lombard, Jewish, and Norman cultures produced a brilliant cosmopolitan state.

  3. Roger II, King of Sicily | History Today. This cultured but energetic ruler left behind him ‘a governmental machine that was the wonder and envy of Europe’. J.J. Norwich | Published in History Today Volume 20 Issue 5 May 1970. Few kingdoms have had more inauspicious beginnings than the Norman Kingdom of Sicily.

  4. Feb 2, 2004 · Anacletus died in 1138 and Roger defeated Innocent IIs army the following year, took Innocent prisoner and forced the pope to confirm his position as King of Sicily and overlord of Southern Italy. In a mosaic in a Palermo church Roger had himself depicted like a Byzantine emperor, being crowned by Christ.

  5. Roger II of Sicily. 1095-1154. Norman king of Sicily who established the first compulsory medical examinations for European doctors. Roger, whose reign began in 1130, waged a successful war against the Byzantine Empire, created a civil service, and made his capital at Palermo a center of culture.

  6. Feb 8, 2021 · Roger II of Sicily was a remarkable ruler, whose reign was spent consolidating and expanding Norman influence in the Mediterranean whilst building a culture which spliced together practices drawn f...

  7. Apr 4, 2002 · Hubert Houben. Cambridge University Press, Apr 4, 2002 - Biography & Autobiography - 231 pages. This book provides a clear, scholarly and up-to-date narrative of the epic reign of the 'Norman' king...

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