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   • Assembly language programming hints and tips

     Top Answer

     Answered May 10, 2011 · 6 votes

     Dont worry, you are pretty much on the right track. Being assembly you can do what you want so you have the freedom to decide how you want to manage your registers and data. I would recommend developing some standard for yourself, and using a C like standard may not be a bad idea. I would also recommend using a different assembly language for a first project like this (for example ARM running on qemu), x86 is somewhat horriable as instruction sets go. but that is a separate topic...

     The assemblers generally let you declare variables if you will, memory with names:

     bob: .word 0x1234-

     Then from assembler (using ARM asm here)

     ldr r0,bobadd r0,#1str r0,bob-

     The registers are used temporarily, the real data is kept in memory. A model like this can help keep track of things as the real data is kept in memory with user created variable names just like a high level language. x86 makes this even easier as you can perform operations on memory and not have to go through registers for everything. Likewise you can manage this with a stack frame for local variables subtract some number from the stack to cover your stack frame for that function, and within that function know/remember that variable joe is stack pointer +4 and ted is stack pointer +8, etc. Probably use comments in your code to remember where these things are. Remembering to restore the stack pointer/frame to its entry point before returning. This method is a little harder as you are not using variable names but numerical offsets. But provides local variables and recursion and/or some global memory savings.

     Doing this work as a human with your eyes and hands (keyboard and mouse) you probably want to keep data in a register no longer than what can fit on the screen on your text editor at one time, at a glance see the variable go to the register then return to the variable in memory all in one glance. A program/compiler certainly can keep track for as much memory as it has in the system, far greater than a human. Which is why compilers on average generate better assembler than humans (specific cases humans can always tweak or fix a problem).

     Error handling, you need to be careful with using flags, it doesnt feel right to me for some reason. It may very well be just fine, interrupts preserve the flags, your code will all have to preserve or set the flags, etc. Hmm, the problem with flags is you have to check/use that return value immediately after the function returns, before you have an instruction that modifies the flags. where if you use a register you can choose not to modify that return register for many more instructions before you need to sample or use that return value.

     I think the bottom line here is, look at the C calling convention rules that compilers use for that instruction set, and perhaps other instruction sets, you will see strong similarities and for good reason. They are manageable. With so few registers you can see why the calling conventions sometimes go straight to the stack for all of the arguments and sometimes the return values as well. I am told that the Amiga bios had a custom calling convention for each bios function, which made for a tight and fast executing system, but whey trying to re-create the bios in C using compilers and or attach to functions with an assembler wrapper it is difficult at best. I am sure without good documentation on each function, it is unmanageable. Down the road you may decide you want this portable and may wish you had chosen a commonly used calling convention. You still will want to comment your code to say parameter 1 is this and parameter 2 is that, etc. On the other hand if you are currently or in the past have programmed x86 assembler calling DOS and BIOS calls you would be quite comfortable with looking up each function in a reference, and placing the data in the proper registers for each function. Because there was good reference materials, it was manageable to have each function custom.

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   • Assembly Language Programming for Beginners: 8-bit Addition

     We will learn how to add two 8-bit numbers using Assembly Language programming. We are going to use the 8051 microcontroller instruction set to write the program.

     Features of MC-8051

     • MC-8051 is an 8-bit Microcontroller.
     • It is a 40 pin IC Chip.
     • It has RAM(On Chip) of 128 bytes.
     • It has ROM(On Chip) of 4K bytes.
     • 8051-MC Works with 12 MHz clock and a single +5V supply.
     • It has 111 instructions: 49 single byte, 45 two byte and 17 three byte

     Program for 8-bit Addition

     ;program for 8-bit addition in assembly language programmingorg 0000 mov a,#5 mov b,#5 add a,b ...

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   • Programming languages implemented in assembly language

     Top Answer

     Answered Mar 17, 2011 · 9 votes

     While it is possible to write a language implementation in assembly, for most languages it is not really advisable to do so for a variety of reasons: assembly code is notoriously difficult to develop and maintain, and it is by definition not portable.

     That said, some languages are significantly easier to produce implementations for:

     • It is very easy to produce an assembly implementation for Brainfuck
     • Forth has a number of implementations in assembly, which is why it is used in the firmware of several non-PC workstations. You can find some assembly implementations for various platforms here.
     • Many BASIC interpretters have been written in assembly - in fact that was probably true for most BASIC implementations in the various home computers of the late '70s and early '80s. Some can be found here.

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     3/5

   • Getting assembly language programming skills

     Top Answer

     Answered Jul 07, 2010 · 6 votes

     A good place to start would be Jeff Duntemann's book, Assembly Language Step-by-Step. The book is about x86 programming under Linux. As I recall, a previous version of the book covered programming under Windows. It's a beginner's book in that it starts at the beginning: bits, bytes, binary arithmetic, etc. You can skip that part if you like, but it might be a good idea to at least skim it.

     I think the best way to learn ASM coding is by 1) learning the basics of the hardware and then 2) studying others' code. The book I mentioned above is worthwhile. You might also be interested in The Art of Assembly Language Programming.

     I've done quite a bit of assembly language programming in my time, although not much in the last 15 years or so. As one commenter pointed out, the slight size and performance gains are hard to justify when I take into account the increased development and maintenance time compared to a high level language.

     That said, I wouldn't discourage you from your quest to become more efficient with ASM. Becoming more familiar with how a processor works at that level can only improve your HLL programming skills, as well.

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2. www.geeksforgeeks.org › what-is-assembly-languageWhat is Assembly Language? - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org › what-is-assembly-language

   • Cached

   Oct 20, 2023 · Assembly language is a low-level language that helps to communicate directly with computer hardware. It uses mnemonics to represent the operations that a processor has to do. Which is an intermediate language between high-level languages like C++ and the binary language. It uses hexadecimal and binary values, and it is readable by humans.

3. github.com › mschwartz › assembly-tutorialProgramming in assembly language tutorial - GitHub

   github.com › mschwartz › assembly-tutorial

   • Cached

   main. README. Programming in assembly language tutorial. This tutorial covers AMD64/Intel 64 bit programming. Instruction sets for other processors, such as ARM or RISC-V are radically different, though the concepts are the same. They all have instructions, registers, stacks, and so on.

4. www.cs.virginia.edu › ~evans › cs216Guide to x86 Assembly - University of Virginia School of...

   www.cs.virginia.edu › ~evans › cs216

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   This guide describes the basics of 32-bit x86 assembly language programming, covering a small but useful subset of the available instructions and assembler directives. There are several different assembly languages for generating x86 machine code. The one we will use in CS216 is the Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM) assembler.

5. codedocs.org › what-is › assembly-languageAssembly language - CodeDocs

   codedocs.org › what-is › assembly-language

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   In computer programming, assembly language (or assembler language), sometimes abbreviated asm, is any low-level programming language in which there is a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions.

6. www.codecademy.com › learn › computer-architecture-assembly-languageComputer Architecture: Assembly Language | Codecademy

   www.codecademy.com › learn › computer-architecture-assembly-language

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   About this course. Continue your Computer Architecture learning journey with Computer Architecture: Assembly Language. Learn about the Compilation Process and understand how your high-level code reaches your hardware. Write your own Assembly code and see how closely Assembly code maps to binary code. Read more.

7. ocw.mit.edu › resources › intro-to-assembly-language-8-13-Intro to Assembly Language (8:13) - MIT OpenCourseWare

   ocw.mit.edu › resources › intro-to-assembly-language-8-13-

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   Intro to Assembly Language (8:13) | Computation Structures | Electrical Engineering and Computer Science | MIT OpenCourseWare. Browse Course Material. . Syllabus. . Calendar. . Instructor Insights. . 1 Basics of Information. . 1.1 Annotated Slides. . 1.2 Topic Videos. . 1.3 Worksheet. .

8. github.com › pkivolowitz › asm_bookA Gentle Introduction to Assembly Language Programming

   github.com › pkivolowitz › asm_book

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   A Gentle Introduction to Assembly Language Programming. This textbook provides a gentle introduction to assembly language programming. What makes this introduction "gentle" is that it assumes the reader is already comfortable with C or C++ coding.