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The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, [3] was a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world. Sometimes this revolutionary wave is also called the Fall of Nations or the Autumn of Nations, [4] [5] [6 ...
- 16 December 1986 – 28 June 1996, (9 years, 6 months, 1 week and 5 days), Main phase:, 12 May 1988 – 26 December 1991, (3 years, 7 months and 2 weeks)
Nov 8, 2019 · Now 30 years removed from 1989's "annus mirabilis" – Central and Eastern Europe's year of miracles, when communist regimes seemingly toppled like dominoes – it's easy to focus on the Western ...
- Senior Writer, Economics
A historical analysis of the impact of 1989 revolutions on the region and the legacy of history in today's Eastern Europe. The article examines the social and political challenges, conflicts, and controversies that have shaped the post-communist transition and the EU integration.
Learn how the Berlin Wall came down and the communist regimes collapsed in Eastern Europe in 1989, with the support of the Reagan and Bush administrations and the leadership of Gorbachev. Explore the milestones, events, and actors that shaped the end of the Cold War and the reunification of Germany.
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- The Economy
- Political Change
- Communism’S Failure in Eastern Europe and Revolution
- The War in Afghanistan
- The End of The Cold War
- Chernobyl
- Attempted Coup and The Rise of Yeltsin
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By the 1980’s, the ‘Era of Stagnation’ had gripped Russia’s economy, threatening its superpower status. Although large, Russia’s economy was relatively backwards, with a sizeable black-market and outdated factories and mines (which also impacted the environment such as the drying up of the Aral Sea). Fiscal mismanagement meant Russia was economical...
Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the USSR on 11 March 1985, aiming to reverse the economic decline and streamline government bureaucracy. After this proved slow, he made a speech to the Communist Party Congress in February 1986 where he spoke of the need to implement political and economic restructuring (‘perestroika’) and called for a new era of...
As in 1956 Hungarian Uprising and 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, relaxations by the Soviet government encouraged revolutions in Eastern Europe. Gorbachev’s abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine (which called on the Soviet Union to intervene in countries where socialist rule was under threat) meant unlike previous occasions, the USSR no...
In 1979, the Soviet Union had invaded Afghanistan to help the communist government, which was being attacked by Muslim Mujaheddin fighters. The Mujaheddin were armed with American missiles and the conflict had become another Cold War-era proxy war. It lasted nearly a decade, involving roughly a million Soviet troops, with millions of Afghans being ...
Ronald Reaganhad become US President in 1980. Fervently anti-communist, he described the Soviet Union as an ‘evil empire’. The Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan had deepened its rift with America, and Reagan increased spending on arms, developed the neutron bomb, and the cruise missile ‘Star Wars’ satellite defence system. After Gorbachev came...
On 26 April 1986, the Number 4 reactor at the Chernobyl power station exploded during a routine maintenance check, creating a nuclear disaster. Despite Glasnost, Communist officials tried to quickly suppress information about the incident, taking days to inform the world and ensuring planned events for May Day went ahead, exposing many people to ra...
An advocate for democracy, Boris Yeltsin was elected Russian President in June 1991 following the introduction of competitive elections. He had previously been a member of the Communist Party, yet had quit the Politburo after clashing with Gorbachev over the pace of reform. In August 1991, there was an attempted coup against Gorbachev from the Comm...
Learn how the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, ending communism in Eastern Europe. Explore the economic, political, social and international factors that contributed to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War.
- Amy Irvine
Learn how the Berlin Wall came down and communism collapsed in East Central Europe in 1989, sparked by the reform movement in Poland and the Soviet Union. Explore the role of the U.S. in supporting democratic reform and the end of the cold war.
Apr 15, 2024 · Yeltsin decreed that all enterprises in Russia were under his government’s control. Collapse of the Soviet Union, sequence of events that led to the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. on December 31, 1991. The reforms implemented by President Mikhail Gorbachev and the backlash against them hastened the demise of the Soviet state.
