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Several linguistic issues have arisen in relation to the spelling of the words euro and cent in the many languages of the member states of the European Union, as well as in relation to grammar and the formation of plurals.
Ron Johnson. Ronald Harold Johnson (born April 8, 1955) is an American politician serving as the senior United States senator from Wisconsin, a seat he has held since 2011. A Republican, Johnson was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010, defeating Democratic incumbent Russ Feingold.
- Ronald Harold Johnson, April 8, 1955 (age 68), Mankato, Minnesota, U.S.
- Russ Feingold
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The euro ( symbol: €; currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of states is officially known as the euro area or, more commonly, the eurozone. The euro is divided into 100 euro cents. [6] [7]
- EUR (numeric: .mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}978)
- Varies, see language and the euro
- Common Features of European Languages
- Linguae Francae
- Language and Identity, Standardization Processes
- Linguistic Minorities
- Issues in Language Politics
- Select Bibliography
- External Links
Writing systems
(Sources and further information for this section: Haarmann 1991, Grzega 2006) Writing was introduced to Europe by the Greeks, and from there also brought to the Romans (6th century BC). There are four alphabets in regular use in the areas generally considered Europe. The Latin alphabet was developed into several scripts. In the early years of Europe, the Carolingian minuscules were the most important variety of the Latin script. From this two branches developed, the Gothic/Fracture/German tr...
Sound features
(Sources and further information for this section: Haarmann 1973, Asher 1994, Price 1998, Grzega 2006) The sound systems of languages may differ considerably between languages. European languages can thus rather be characterized negatively, e.g. by the absence of click sounds. One could also think of specific prosodic features, such as tonal accents. But there are also tonal languages in Europe: Serbo-Croatian (e.g. lètī ‘he flies, is flying’ with long rising accent vs. lêta ‘years’ with long...
Grammatical features
(Sources and further information for this section: Asher 1994, Price 1998, Haspelmath 2001, Heine/Kuteva 2006) As a general introductory remark we can distinguish between three structural typesof languages: 1. isolating(i.e. grammatical/sentence functions are expressed through analytic means and relatively strict word-order rules, e.g. the strict S-V order rule in English), 2. agglutinating (i.e. grammatical/sentence functions are expressed through affixes, with one affix expressing exactly o...
(Sources and further information for this section: Haarmann 1975, Haarmann 1993, Grzega 2006) Three linguae francaeare prominent in European history: 1. (Medieval and Neo-) Latin with a gradual decline as lingua franca since the late Middle Ages, when the vernacular languages gained more and more importance (first language academy in Italy in 1582/...
(Sources and further information for this section: Haarmann 1975, Haarmann 1993, Grzega 2006) In the Middle Ages the two most important definitory elements of Europe were Christianitas and Latinitas. Thus language—at least the supranational language—played an elementary role. This changed with the spread of the national languages in official contex...
(Sources and further information for this section: Stephens 1976, Price 1998, Ahrens 2003, Grzega 2006) Despite the importance of English as an international lingua franca in Europe, Europe is also linguistically diverse, and minority languages are protected, e.g. by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languagesfounded in the 1990s. This ...
(Sources and further information for this section: Siguan 2002, Ahrens 2003, Grzega 2006) France is the origin of two laws, or decrees, concerning language: the Ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts (1239), which says that every document in France should be written in French (i.e. not in Latin nor Occitan) and the French Loi Toubon, which aims at elimina...
Wolfgang Abbe et al.: Bibliographie Europäische Sprachwissenschaft, 50 vols. Hamburg: Loges 2011.Rüdiger Ahrens (ed.): Europäische Sprachenpolitik / European Language Policy, Heidelberg: Winter 2003.R. E. Asher et al. (eds.): The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Oxford: Pergamon 1994.Roger Axtell: Do's and Taboos Around the World, White Plains: Benjamin 1993.Euro English, [1] Euro-English [2] or European English, less commonly known as EU English, Continental English and EU Speak, is a group of dialects of the English language as used in continental Europe, based on common mistranslations and the technical jargon of the European Union (EU) and the native languages of its non-native, English ...
Mar 11, 2013 · To this end, the German president stresses the necessity of creating a new European linguistic environment: “In Europe there are 23 recognised official languages (Amtssprachen), in addition to countless other languages and dialects. A German, who does not speak either English or French, will have few chances to communicate with a Portuguese ...
The European Union ( EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [8] [9] The Union has a total area of 4,233,255 km 2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 448 million. The EU has often been described as a sui generis political entity (without precedent or ...
