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A Linux-based system is a modular Unix-like operating system, deriving much of its basic design from principles established in Unix during the 1970s and 1980s. Such a system uses a monolithic kernel, the Linux kernel, which handles process control, networking, access to the peripherals, and file systems.
- Linux Distribution
A Linux distribution [a] (often abbreviated as distro) is an...
- Linux Kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source,: 4 monolithic,...
- Linux Software Map
Linux Software Map (LSM) is a standard text file format for...
- Linux Range of Use
Besides the Linux distributions designed for general-purpose...
- GNU/Linux Naming Controversy
Within the free software and the open-source software...
- Edit
We would like to show you a description here but the site...
- Ubuntu
Ubuntu (/ ʊ ˈ b ʊ n t uː / uu-BUUN-too) is a Linux...
- SUSE Linux Enterprise
SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) is a Linux-based operating...
- Linus Torvalds
Linus Benedict Torvalds (/ ˈ l iː n ə s ˈ t ɔːr v ɔː l d z /...
- Linux Adoption
Linux adoption is the adoption of Linux computer operating...
- Linux Distribution
Arch Linux is an independently developed, x86-64 general-purpose Linux distribution that strives to provide the latest stable versions of most software by following a rolling-release model. The default installation is a minimal base system, configured by the user to only add what is purposely required. Distribution.
DistributionDescriptionBackBox is a Linux distribution based on ...An Ubuntu-based Linux distribution ...Ubuntu-based distribution designed to ...Live CD geared toward multimedia (audio ...- Events Leading to Creation
- The Creation of Linux
- Naming
- Linux Under The GNU GPL
- GNU/Linux Naming Controversy
- Official Mascot
- New Development
- "Linux Is Obsolete"
- Microsoft Competition and Collaboration
- Sco
After AT&T had dropped out of the Multics project, the Unix operating system was conceived and implemented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (both of AT&T Bell Laboratories) in 1969 and first released in 1970. Later they rewrote it in a new programming language, C, to make it portable. The availability and portability of Unix caused it to be widel...
In 1991, while studying computer science at University of Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project that later became the Linux kernel. He wrote the program specifically for the hardware he was using and independent of an operating system because he wanted to use the functions of his new PC with an 80386 processor. Development was done on MINIX usin...
Linus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention Freax, a portmanteauof "free", "freak", and "x" (as an allusion to Unix). During the start of his work on the system, he stored the files under the name "Freax" for about half of a year. Torvalds had already considered the name "Linux", but initially dismissed it as too egotistical. In order to facili...
Torvalds first published the Linux kernel under its own licence,which had a restriction on commercial activity. The software to use with the kernelwas software developed as part of the GNU project licensed under the GNU General Public License, a free software license. The first release of the Linux kernel, Linux 0.01, included a binary of GNU's Bas...
The designation "Linux" was initially used by Torvalds only for the Linux kernel. The kernel was, however, frequently used together with other software, especially that of the GNU project. This quickly became the most popular adoption of GNU software. In June 1994 in GNU's Bulletin, Linux was referred to as a "free UNIX clone", and the Debian proje...
Torvalds announced in 1996 that there would be a mascot for Linux, a penguin. This was because when they were about to select the mascot, Torvalds mentioned he was bitten by a little penguin (Eudyptula minor) on a visit to the National Zoo & Aquarium in Canberra, Australia. Larry Ewing provided the original draft of today's well known mascot based ...
Linux Community
The largest part of the work on Linux is performed by the community: the thousands of programmers around the world that use Linux and send their suggested improvements to the maintainers. Various companies have also helped not only with the development of the kernels, but also with the writing of the body of auxiliary software, which is distributed with Linux. As of February 2015, over 80% of Linux kernel developers are paid.: 11 It is released both by organized projects such as Debian, and b...
Open Source Development Lab and Linux Foundation
The Open Source Development Lab (OSDL)was created in the year 2000, and is an independent nonprofit organization which pursues the goal of optimizing Linux for employment in data centers and in the carrier range. It served as sponsored working premises for Linus Torvalds and also for Andrew Morton (until the middle of 2006 when Morton transferred to Google). Torvalds worked full-time on behalf of OSDL, developing the Linux kernels. On 22 January 2007, OSDL and the Free Standards Group merged...
Companies
Despite being freely available, companies profit from Linux. These companies, many of which are also members of the Linux Foundation, invest substantial resources into the advancement and development of Linux, in order to make it suited for various application areas. This includes hardware donations for driver developers, cash donations for people who develop Linux software, and the employment of Linux programmers at the company. Some examples are Dell, IBM, and Hewlett-Packard, which validat...
In 1992, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, recognized computer scientist and author of the Minix microkernel system, wrote a Usenet article on the newsgroup comp.os.minix with the title "Linux is obsolete",which marked the beginning of a famous debate about the structure of the then-recent Linux kernel. Among the most significant criticisms were that: 1. The ke...
Although Torvalds has said that Microsoft's feeling threatened by Linux in the past was of no consequence to him, the Microsoft and Linux camps had a number of antagonistic interactions between 1997 and 2001. This became quite clear for the first time in 1998, when the first Halloween document was brought to light by Eric S. Raymond. This was a sho...
In March 2003, the SCO Group accused IBM of violating their copyright on UNIX by transferring code from UNIX to Linux. SCO claims ownership of the copyrights on UNIX and a lawsuit was filed against IBM. Red Hat has counter-sued and SCO has since filed other related lawsuits. At the same time as their lawsuit, SCO began selling Linux licenses to use...
Linux. Linux or GNU/Linux is a Unix-like operating system (or family of) for computers. The Linux kernel (the basis of the operating system) is free software, meaning people can use it, see how it works, change it, or share it. There is a lot of software for Linux and—like Linux itself—a lot of the software for Linux is free software.
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- Unix-like
- Current
Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word ...
Technical. The table below shows the default file system, but many Linux distributions support some or all of ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, XFS, GFS2, OCFS2, and NILFS. It is possible to install Linux onto most of these file systems. The ext file systems, namely ext2, ext3, and ext4 are based on the original Linux file system ...
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