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From 2021 to 2022, a majority of (40) export countries or territories in Africa increased the value of their exports. The fastest-gaining African exporters were Gambia (up 595.5% from 2021), Congo (up 370.3%), Central African Republic (up 103.1%), Equatorial Guinea (up 93.7%), Comoros (up 78.2%), Algeria (up 72.2%) then Cameroon (up 68.1%).
Mar 5, 2024 · The country’s mining industry is a major contributor to the economy, accounting for nearly 60% of total exports in the first half of 2023. South Africa is one of the world’s biggest producers of gold, diamonds, platinum, manganese, and other minerals.
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Nov 18, 2020 · Significant efforts were allocated to compile trade aggregates for each of the 8 RECs and for the African Union as an all. The following six countries couldn’t provide their data: Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), Somalia and South Sudan.
It further examines Africa’s export market shares and its revealed comparative advantage by analysing, assessing and comparing the industrial competitiveness of five African regions: Eastern Africa, Africa, NorthMiddle ern Africa, Southern
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- President and Chair, Board of Directors, African Export–Import Bank
- Acknowledgements
- Miningprod
- EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION
- STRUCTURAL CHANGE
- The pulse of export diversification in Africa
- J is the number of subgroups; and T is the overall Theil index for group
- D include GDP per capita, population, school enrolment, domestic credit to
- 1.2.1 Drivers of diversification are diverse and complex
- Main drivers of Africa’s export diversification
- (Percentage)
- (Percentage of gross exports)
- a) Forward linkages
- a) Forward linkages
- a) Services content in production b) Services content in exports
- Export diversification opportunities diagnostics
- Determine strategic policies to ensure competitiveness
- The role of small and medium-sized enterprises and services in successful agriculture-based export diversification in Viet Nam
- Market information, customs and transport infrastructure
- 1.5 Conclusion
- Assessing the diversification of services exports in Africa
- (Percentage)
- Tourism value chain
- Business and communication
- 2.2.2 Information and communications technology
- Small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa
- 2.3 Expanding services and businesses: Barriers to look for
- 2.3.4 The need for increased skills in high knowledge-intensive sectors
- 2.4 Conclusion
- ExportMeasure = α + φFD + δPSD + ω(FD * PSD) + ηX + ε
- Lending to small and medium-sized enterprises in selected African countries, 2020
- Innovations in the financial regulatory environment
- 3.3 Smart services for market access and export diversification of small and medium-sized enterprises
- 3.3.2 Mobile application development
- Kenya: Mobile-based cashless business-to-business platform
- Digitizing trade infrastructure in Africa through a digital ledger platform
- 3.4 Conclusion
- Conclusion and policy recommendations
- 4.1 Main messages
- For financial technology to be effective,
- 4.2 Policy recommendations
- Improve the capacity of people and firms to emulate and innovate
- Support firms to innovate
- Expand the set of technologies and infrastructure
- Reinforce linkages between industries and encourage the use of local content and suppliers by domestic firms
- Enhance the access of small and medium-sized enterprises to alternative finance
- Maximize the potential benefits of the African Continental Free Trade Area for export diversification by streamlining with inclusive growth and financial inclusion goals and practices
- Strengthen efforts to improve trade and financial data
- Putting recommendations into practice
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
The Economic Development in Africa Report 2022: Rethinking the Foundations of Export Diversification in Africa – The Catalytic Role of Business and Financial Services was prepared by UNCTAD. The work was carried out under the overall supervision of Paul Akiwumi, Director of the UNCTAD Division for Africa, Least Developed Countries and Special Progr...
Copper and aluminium Gold Base metals Gold Copper Gold Cotton
ABSORBING SHOCKS INCREASING AVAILABILITY OF INPUTS AND SERVICES CREATING SPILLOVERS OF TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS BUILDING PRODUCTION NETWORKS INEQUALITY-REDUCING GROWTH INCREASES IN PRODUCTIVITY
Countries can diversify their exports across products, partners and sectors. They can also upgrade their existing products technologically, improving quality and productivity. By doing so, countries can build on existing comparative advantages to add value to their exports, boosting earnings. Finally, the diversification process can also increase t...
As highlighted in the introduction, African countries struggle to diversify their exports, partly due to historical factors that created path dependencies from a lack of skills endowment and technological advancement. The first two sections of chapter 1 aim to identify recent drivers of export diversification to provide a better understanding of th...
j j. While the between component (equation 2a) describes the concentration of different products in the export basket, the within component (equation 2b) compares the value of exports between the products. Both parts of diversification may be driven by different policy variables and deserve a separate econometric analysis. The analysis uses mirror ...
jt private sector, access to electricity, mobile subscriptions, institutional quality (proxied by world governance indicators), manufacturing value added as a percentage of GDP, services value added as a percentage of GDP, gross capital formation as a percentage of GDP, FDI as a percentage of GDP, exchange rate stability, trade openness as a percen...
The following discussion of the empirical results is grouped into structural factors and factors that relate to a country’s trading partner; general economic policy variables such as human capital, institutions or exchange rate stability; and trade policy variables such as tariffs. The classification of variables into subgroups makes it possible to...
SHORTER DISTANCE BETWEEN COUNTRIES LOWER ACCESS TO INTERMEDIATES
Source: UNCTAD calculations, based on data from fDi Markets.
Sudan Chad Angola Gabon Nigeria Cameroon Côte d'Ivoire Libya Ghana Liberia Algeria Guinea Mozambique Eritrea Mali Senegal Egypt Uganda Benin Madagascar Somalia Central African Republic Malawi Zambia Togo Seychelles Mauritania Morocco Burundi Djibouti Kenya Niger South Africa Sierra Leone Burkina Faso Ethiopia Cabo Verde Rwanda Tunisia Botswana Nami...
Egypt Morocco Tunisia Cameroon Côte d'Ivoire Ghana Nigeria Kenya Mauritius Zimbabwe Botswana Namibia South Africa Benin Burkina Faso Guinea Senegal Togo Ethiopia Madagascar Malawi Rwanda
Egypt Morocco Tunisia Cameroon Côte d'Ivoire Ghana Nigeria Kenya Mauritius Zimbabwe Botswana Namibia South Africa Benin Burkina Faso Guinea Senegal Togo Ethiopia Madagascar Malawi Rwanda
Water and utilities Construction Distribution and trade Transport Communication Finance Insurance Other business and ICT Other consumer services Other services Source: UNCTAD calculations, based on data from the Export of Value Added database (World Bank). Notes: Country selection was guided by the availability of the most recent data. in Africa. N...
Identify strategic products and sectors Look into demand opportunities Explore market acces conditions
Source: UNCTAD. Determine which potential products are feasible to produce Identify the products that are of higher complexity or more sophisticated than current exports Link potential new products to national development targets (social and environmental development, reduce import dependencies) What is the effective marketability of the iden...
Viet Nam started at diversification levels similar to those of the least developed countries in Africa today and was able to expand production from agriculture to low value added manufacturing and subsequently, into high value added digital clusters. The country’s success in achieving diversification can be explained by several factors. First, incr...
Greater economic cooperation under the African Continental Free Trade Area can be leveraged to address infrastructure bottlenecks through the joint provision of cross-border infrastructure under the Action Plan for Boosting Intra-African Trade. Moreover, the five operational instruments under the African Continental Free Trade Area, namely with reg...
While diversification mainly took place at the extensive margin by the addition of new products, there has been an increased concentration of export volumes in few sectors. The empirical evidence on determinants of geographical diversification shows that structural factors such as long distances to countries with large economies, high tariffs on in...
Given the modest share of services in overall trade or the high concentration of low knowledge-intensive services sectors in the services exports of Africa that may be acting as barriers to the effective utilization of services as inputs to manufacturing or agriculture sectors, this section will be devoted to the dynamics of services sectors and th...
Angola Central African Republic Gambia Ghana Lesotho Liberia Libya Mozambique Sao Tome and Principe Seychelles Sudan United Republic of Tanzania Percentage Charges for use of intellectual property not included elsewhere Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others Construction Other business services Financial services Personal, cultur...
Wholesalers and aggregators (leisure, business and (business-to-business tour operators, corporate travellers) destination management companies Consumers and intermediaries
services are an important driver of export diversification, growth and structural transformation in Africa
One of the key services sectors that is central to the growth and development of all economic sectors, including the services sector, is ICT. On one hand, through its embedded technology component, ICT directly affects the quality (complexity) of products and facilitates product differentiation and customization, with positive impacts on the variet...
face multiple challenges to growth and diversification LACK OF SKILLS INFORMALITY LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE GAPS LACK OF A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
A variety of measures and approaches can be used by African Governments, regional institutions, financial institutions and regulators, private businesses, development partners and other market participants to achieve practical gains in considering the proposed policy recommendations for effective export diversification in Africa. To do so, the foll...
Asia. Europe. North America. South America. Oceania. v. t. e. The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources of the continent. As of 2019, approximately 1.3 billion people [11] were living in 53 countries in Africa. Africa is a resource-rich continent.
To realize the export potential of Africa, intra-African tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers need to be reduced, and productive capacities need to be increased to facilitate regional trade. Regional productive capacities, value chain development in agrifood processing and the vehicles industry are identified as potential drivers of ...