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The Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE) and New Iranian (since 900 CE). The two directly-attested Old Iranian languages are Old Persian (from the Achaemenid Empire ) and Old Avestan (the language of the Avesta ).
Middle Persian or Pahlavi, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg (Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐 , Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire.
- Sasanian Empire (224–651)
The Middle Persian form belongs to the period 300 bce to 950 ce and was, like Old Persian, the language of southwestern Iran. In the northeast and northwest the language spoken was Parthian , which is known from inscriptions and from Manichaean texts.
Middle Persian, the major form of which is called Pahlavi, was the official language of the Sāsānians (224–651 ce ). The most important of the Middle Persian inscriptions is that of Shāpūr I (d. 272 ce ), which has parallel versions in Parthian and Greek.
In Iranian languages: The Middle Iranian stage Middle Persian, the major form of which is called Pahlavi, was the official language of the Sāsānians (224–651 ce ). The most important of the Middle Persian inscriptions is that of Shāpūr I (d. 272 ce ), which has parallel versions in Parthian and Greek.
The most important languages of this group are Parthian and Middle Persian, also known as Pahlavi. The beginning of the middle period may be placed at the beginning of the Parthian era (c. 350 BC). Middle Persian (also called Pahlavi) is a further development of Old Persian.
Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision. The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian ...
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