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Runes
- Swedish used runes before the arrival of the Latin script in Scandinavia. The runic alphabet, also known as Futhark, was the first writing system the Norse and other Germanic people used for centuries. As it happens, isolated communities in a remote part of Sweden only stopped using runes 100 years ago.
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Orthography. Old Swedish used some letters that are no longer found in modern Swedish: æ and ø were used for modern ä and ö respectively, and þ could stand for both / ð / ( th as in that) and / θ / ( th as in thing). In the latter part of the 14th century þ was replaced with th and dh .
- Sweden, coastal Finland and Estonia
- mæ (r)
- mik
- min
In addition to the basic twenty-six letters, A–Z, the Swedish alphabet includes Å, Ä, and Ö at the end. They are distinct letters in Swedish and are sorted after z as shown above. Uncommon letters. The letter q is rare. q was common in ordinary words before 1889, when its replacement by k was allowed.
Mar 20, 2024 · Free online lessons about reading old Swedish handwriting: Scandinavian Handwriting; Scandinavian Handwriting, part 3 - No part 2 available; Reading Gothic Handwriting for Swedish Genealogy, Lesson 1; Spelling and Phonetics for Swedish Genealogy, Lesson 2 — Names, dates, and key genealogical words
Learn about the history and structure of the Swedish language, from its Old Swedish dialect to its modern written form. Find out how to pronounce the letters, use loanwords and proper names, and see examples of words and phrases in Swedish.
The Swedish alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet with 29 letters, including the modern 26-letter basic Latin alphabet, plus three extra letters : Å, Ä, and Ö. The letters Q, W, and Z are rarely used outside of loanwords and proper names. See Swedish alphabet for a detailed description of the sounds of the letters.
Orthography. Old Swedish used some letters that are no longer found in modern Swedish: æ and ø were used for modern ä and ö respectively, and þ could stand for both / ð / ( th as in that) and / θ / ( th as in thing). In the latter part of the 14th century þ was replaced with th and dh .
The language in the earliest Old Swedish texts written with the Latin alphabet differs quite significantly from the language in texts from the beginning of the modern era. By comparing such texts, changes on all linguistic levels can be observed.