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Film noir (/ n w ɑːr /; French: [film nwaʁ]) is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylized Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize cynical attitudes and motivations. The 1940s and 1950s are generally regarded as the "classic period" of American film noir.
- Italian Neorealism
Italian neorealism (Italian: Neorealismo), also known as the...
- German Expressionism
Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry...
- Robert Siodmak
Early life. Siodmak was born in Dresden, Germany, the son of...
- Stranger on The Third Floor
Stranger on the Third Floor is a 1940 American film noir...
- The Big Combo
The Big Combo is a 1955 American crime film noir directed by...
- Italian Neorealism
Film noir is not a clearly defined genre (see here for details on the characteristics). Therefore, the composition of this list may be controversial. To minimize dispute the films included here should preferably feature a footnote linking to a reliable, published source which states that the mentioned film is considered to be a film noir by an expert in this field, e.g.
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What is a Black Orchid?
Is 'No Orchids for Miss Blandish' based on a true story?
Are orchids monophyletic?
Are orchids achlorophyllous holoparasites?
- Description
- Reproduction
- Taxonomy
- Distribution
- Ecology
- Uses
- Cultural Symbolism
- Conservation
- External Links
Orchids are easily distinguished from other plants, as they share some very evident derived characteristics or synapomorphies. Among these are: bilateral symmetry of the flower (zygomorphism), many resupinate flowers, a nearly always highly modified petal (labellum), fused stamens and carpels, and extremely small seeds.
Pollination
The complex mechanisms that orchids have evolved to achieve cross-pollination were investigated by Charles Darwin and described in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). Orchids have developed highly specialized pollinationsystems, thus the chances of being pollinated are often scarce, so orchid flowers usually remain receptive for very long periods, rendering unpollinated flowers long-lasting in cultivation. Most orchids deliver pollen in a single mass. Each time pollination succeeds, thousands of...
Asexual reproduction
Some species, such as in the genera Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, and Vanda, produce offshoots or plantlets formed from one of the nodes along the stem, through the accumulation of growth hormones at that point. These shoots are known as keiki. Epipogium aphyllum exhibits a dual reproductive strategy, engaging in both sexual and asexual seed production. The likelihood of apomixisplaying a substantial role in successful reproduction appears minimal. Within certain petite orchid species groups, the...
Fruits and seeds
The ovary typically develops into a capsule that is dehiscentby three or six longitudinal slits, while remaining closed at both ends. The seeds are generally almost microscopic and very numerous, in some species over a million per capsule. After ripening, they blow off like dust particles or spores. Most orchid species lack endosperm in their seed and must enter symbiotic relationships with various mycorrhizal basidiomyceteous fungi that provide them the necessary nutrients to germinate, so a...
The taxonomy of this family is in constant flux, as new studies continue to clarify the relationships between species and groups of species, allowing more taxa at several ranks to be recognized. The Orchidaceae is currently placed in the order Asparagales by the APG III systemof 2009. Five subfamilies are recognised. The cladogram below was made ac...
Orchidaceae are cosmopolitan, occurring in almost every habitat apart from glaciers. The world's richest diversity of orchid genera and species is found in the tropics, but they are also found above the Arctic Circle, in southern Patagonia, and two species of Nematoceras on Macquarie Island at 54° south. The following list gives a rough overview of...
A majority of orchids are perennial epiphytes, which grow anchored to trees or shrubs in the tropics and subtropics. Species such as Angraecum sororium are lithophytes, growing on rocks or very rocky soil. Other orchids (including the majority of temperateOrchidaceae) are terrestrial and can be found in habitat areas such as grasslands or forest. S...
Perfumery
The scent of orchids is frequently analysed by perfumers (using headspace technology and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) to identify potential fragrance chemicals.
Horticulture
The other important use of orchids is their cultivation for the enjoyment of the flowers. Most cultivated orchids are tropical or subtropical, but quite a few that grow in colder climates can be found on the market. Temperate species available at nurseries include Ophrys apifera (bee orchid), Gymnadenia conopsea (fragrant orchid), Anacamptis pyramidalis (pyramidal orchid) and Dactylorhiza fuchsii(common spotted orchid). Orchids of all types have also often been sought by collectors of both sp...
Food
The dried seed pods of one orchid genus, Vanilla (especially Vanilla planifolia), are commercially important as a flavouring in baking, for perfume manufacture and aromatherapy. The underground tubers of terrestrial orchids [mainly Orchis mascula (early purple orchid)] are ground to a powder and used for cooking, such as in the hot beverage salep or in the Turkish mastic ice cream dondurma. The name salep has been claimed to come from the Arabic expression ḥasyu al-tha‘lab, "fox testicles", b...
Orchids have many associations with symbolic values. For example, the orchid is the City Flower of Shaoxing, China. Cattleya mossiae is the national Venezuelan flower, while Cattleya trianae is the national flower of Colombia. Vanda Miss Joaquim is the national flower of Singapore, Guarianthe skinneri is the national flower of Costa Rica and Rhynch...
Almost all orchids are included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), meaning that international trade (including in their parts/derivatives) is regulated by the CITES permit system. A smaller number of orchids such as Paphiopedilumsp. are listed in CITES Appendix I meaning that commercial internatio...
Orchidaceae at The Plant ListOrchidaceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website- Orchidaceae, Juss.
- Asparagales
This list is reflected on Wikispecies Orchidaceae and the new eMonocot website Orchidaceae Juss. This taxonomy undergoes constant change, mainly through evidence from DNA study. Orchids were traditionally defined by morphological similarity (structure of their flowers and other parts).
No Orchids for Miss Blandish (US re-release title Black Dice) is a 1948 British gangster film adapted and directed by St. John Legh Clowes from the 1939 novel of the same name by James Hadley Chase.
- $800,000
- George Melachrino
- St John Legh Clowes
hide. (Top) Books and comics. Film and television. Music. Plants. See also. Black orchid or Black Orchid may refer to: Books and comics. Black Orchid (comics), a DC Comics miniseries created by Neil Gaiman. Black Orchid (character), a character from DC Comics. Black Orchids, a Nero Wolfe double mystery by Rex Stout.
Feb 5, 2018 · The denouement, which owes a debt to Lawrence Kasdan’s Body Heat, has some satisfying surprises, though the very last scene introduces one twist too many. The film is entertaining enough to fans ...
