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Pope Alexander IV (1199 or c. 1185 – 25 May 1261) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death. Early career [ edit ] He was born as Rinaldo di Jenne in Jenne [1] (now in the Province of Rome ), he was, on his mother's side, a member of the family de' Conti di Segni, the counts of Segni ...
- 12 December 1254
- 18 September 1227, by Gregory IX
- 25 May 1261
- Urban IV
Jan 12, 2019 · The argument goes that Jesus was originally depicted as appearing non-European because he was Jewish, which did not sit well with the Borgia pope at the time. So in order to create a more “European-looking” Jesus Pope Alexander VI commissioned new paintings of Jesus using his illegitimate son Cesare as their model.
In 1492, Rodrigo was elected pope, taking the name Alexander VI. Alexander's papal bulls of 1493 confirmed or reconfirmed the rights of the Spanish crown in the New World following the finds of Christopher Columbus in 1492. During the second Italian war, Alexander VI supported his son Cesare Borgia as a condottiero for the French king. The ...
- 11 August 1492
- 17 September 1456, by Callixtus III
- 18 August 1503
- Pius III
Apr 18, 2024 · Cesare Borgia (born c. 1475/76, probably Rome [Italy]—died 1507, near Viana, Spain) was the natural son of Pope Alexander VI.He was a Renaissance captain who, as holder of the offices of duke of the Romagna and captain general of the armies of the church, enhanced the political power of his father’s papacy and tried to establish his own principality in central Italy.
- Michael Edward Mallett
Cesare as a boy, painted by Pinturicchio. Like many aspects of Cesare Borgia's life, the date of his birth is a subject of dispute. He was born in Subiaco in Lazio, Italy in either 1475 or 1476, the illegitimate son of Cardinal Roderic Llançol i de Borja, usually known as "Rodrigo Borgia", later Pope Alexander VI, and his Italian mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei, about whom information is sparse.
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Alexander was appointed cardinal deacon (1227) and cardinal bishop of Ostia (1231) by his uncle Pope Gregory IX.After becoming pope, Alexander followed the policies of his predecessor Innocent IV: he continued war on Manfred, Emperor Frederick II’s natural son (who was crowned king of Sicily in 1258), by excommunicating him and investing Edmund, son of Henry III of England, with the papal ...
Alexander VI (born 1431, Játiva, near Valencia [Spain]—died August 18, 1503, Rome) was a corrupt, worldly, and ambitious pope (1492–1503), whose neglect of the spiritual inheritance of the church contributed to the development of the Protestant Reformation. Rodrigo was born into the Spanish branch of the prominent and powerful Borgia family.
