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  1. v. t. e. The term Islamic republic has been used in different ways. Some Muslim religious leaders have used it as the name for a theoretical form of Islamic theocratic government enforcing sharia, or laws compatible with sharia. The term has also been used for a sovereign state taking a compromise position between a purely Islamic caliphate and ...

  2. Sep 25, 2018 · The Islamic State organization (IS, aka the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, ISIL/ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da’esh)1 emerged as a major international security threat amid more than a decade of conflict in Iraq after 2003 and the outbreak of unrest and conflict in Syria in 2011 (see Appendix A). The group’s core membership remains in ...

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  4. Sep 23, 2022 · Also on the council are military chiefs and the ministers of state, foreign affairs, and intelligence, as well as two personal representatives of the supreme leader; thus, it includes appointees ...

  5. May 1, 2012 · On May 1, 2012, President Obama and President Karzai signed the Enduring Strategic Partnership Agreement between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the United States of America. The Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) is a legally binding executive agreement, undertaken between two sovereign nations. The President’s goal in negotiating ...

  6. Gerhard Bowering. Islamic Political Thought: An Introduction contains 16 chapters adapted from arti-cles in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, a reference work pub-lished in 2013. This volume, shorter and more streamlined than the parent work, presents broad, comprehensive discussions of central themes and core concepts.

  7. Feb 29, 2020 · comprehensive peace agreement is made of four parts: Guarantees and enforcement mechanisms that will prevent the use of the soil of Afghanistan by any group or individual against the security of the United States and its allies. Guarantees, enforcement mechanisms, and announcement of a timeline for the withdrawal of all foreign forces from ...

  8. A presidential system is a form of government in a republican state. From this perspective, it is an alternative to monarchy. However, its historical origins and theoretical background are found in monarchical government. The idea that one and the same person holds the offices of head of state and head of government is akin to both presidential ...