Search results
Most of the Gallic and Brittonic languages are P-Celtic, while the Goidelic and Hispano-Celtic (or Celtiberian) languages are Q-Celtic. The P-Celtic languages (also called Gallo-Brittonic ) are sometimes seen (for example by Koch 1992) as a central innovating area as opposed to the more conservative peripheral Q-Celtic languages.
- Proto-Celtic
Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the hypothetical...
- Lepontic
Lepontic is an ancient Alpine Celtic language that was...
- Proto-Celtic
Ez a magyar nyelvű Wikipédia. 2003-ban indult, jelenleg 542 021 szócikket tartalmaz. A Wikipédia sok más nyelven is elérhető. A legnagyobb Wikipédiák (több mint 2 000 000 szócikkel): angol, francia, holland, német, svéd, szebuano.
Hungarian prehistory ( Hungarian: magyar őstörténet) spans the period of history of the Hungarian people, or Magyars, which started with the separation of the Hungarian language from other Finno-Ugric or Ugric languages around 800 BC, and ended with the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 895 AD.
- Overview
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Sample Texts
- See Also
- External Links
Under the P/Q Celtic hypothesis, and like its Iberian relative Gallaecian, Celtiberian is classified as a Q Celtic language, putting it in the same category as Goidelic and not P-Celtic like Gaulish or Brittonic. Under the Insular/Continental Celtic hypothesis, Celtiberian and Gaulish are grouped together as Continental Celtic languages but this gr...
Celtiberian was a Celtic languagethat shows the characteristic sound changes of Celtic languages such as:
Noun and adjective cases
1. arznā 'part, share' < *parsna < *pr̥s-nh₂. Common Celtic *φrasna< *prasna 2. veizos 'witness' < *weidʰ-yo < *weidʰ- 'perceive, see' / vamos'higher' < *up-m̥os 3. gentis 'son, descendance' < *gen-ti. Common Celtic *genos'family' 4. loutu 'load' < *louttu < *louktu < *leugʰ-tu. Common Celtic *luxtu < *louktu < *leugʰ-tu (oir. lucht). 5. duater 'daughter' < *dʰugh₂tēr. Common Celtic *duxtir. An -n- stem can be seen in melmu nom.sg. < *-ōn, melmunosgen. sg. (from Botorrita III, probably a name...
Relative pronoun
Forms of the masculine singular relative pronoun *yo- can be found in the first Botorrita plaque: The form io-s in line 10 is the nominative singular masculine of the relative pronoun from Proto-Indo-European *yo- (Sanskrit ya-, Greek hos), which shows up in Old Irish only as the aspiration[clarification needed] for leniting relative verb forms. Line 7 has the accusative singular io-m and the dative singular io-muiof the same root.
Verbal endings
The Indo-European third person verbal ending system seems to be evident, though the exact meaning of many verbs remains unclear: primary singular active *-ti in ambitise-ti (Botorrita I, A.5), '(that someone) builds around > enclose' < *h₂m̥bi-dʰingʰ-s-e-ti, and auzeti, secondary *-t > /θ/ written in terbere-z (SP.02.08, B-4) and perhaps kombalke-z; primary plural active *-nti in ara-nti (Z.09.24, A-4) and zizonti "they sow" (or perhaps "they give" with assimilation of the initial do the...
Celtiberian syntax is considered to have the basic order Subject - Object - Verb. Another archaic Indo-European feature is the use of the relative pronoun jos and the repetition of enclitised conjunctions such as kwe.
First Botorrita plaque, side A
One of four bronze plaques found in Botorrita, this text was written in eastern Celtiberian script. The other side consists of a list of names. (K.01.01.A) 1. First Botorrita plaque (Zaragoza). 2. Another Botorrita plaque (Zaragoza). 1. soz augu arestalo damai 2. all this (is) valid by order of the competent authority 1. 1.1. soz: all this (< *sod). 1.2. augo: final, valid (< *h₂eug-os 'strong, valid', cf. Latin augustus'solemn'). 1.3. arestalo: of the competent authority (gen. sing. arestalo...
Great inscription from Peñalba de Villastar
An inscription in the Latin alphabet in the Celtiberian sanctuary of Peñalba de Villastar, in the current municipality of Villastar, Teruel province. (K.03.03) Other translations, which differ dramatically from this and from each other, may be found in P. Sims-Williams' treatment of the Celtic languages in The Indo-European Languages. 1. eni Orosei uta Tigino tiatunei erecaias to Luguei araianom comeimu 2. In Orosis and the surroundings of Tigino river, we dedicate the fields to Lugus. 1. 1.1...
Bronze plaque of Torrijo del Campo
A bronze plaque found in Torrijo del Campo, Teruel province in 1996, using the eastern Celtiberian script. 1. Lutorikum eisubos adizai ekue Kartinokum ekue Lankikum ekue Tirtokum silabur sazom ibos esatui (datuz) 2. for those of the Lutorici included in the duty, and also of the Cartinoci, of the Lancici and of the Tritoci, must give enough money to settle the debt with them. 1. 1.1. Lutorikum:of the Lutorici ( gen. masc. pl.). 1.2. eisubos: for those included ( < *h1epi-s-o-bʰos). 1.3. adiza...
Reference entries. Q-Celts. in A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology Length: 114 words. Search for: 'Q-Celts' in Oxford Reference » The division of the Celtic languages into Q- and P-families depends on whether they retained the Indo-European qu- or substituted a p-.
Q-Celtic. formerly "Goidelic" A term designating those languages of the Celtic branch which include Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, and the extinct Celtiberian of Spain. So-called because of their use of the "k" sound, while the so-called "P-Celtic" or Brythonic branch uses the letter "p":
Celtiberian. Celtiberian is an extinct Celtic language once spoken on the Iberian peninsula until about the 1st century BC, particularly between the Duero, Tajo, Júcar, Turia and Ebro rivers in the north of what is now Spain.
