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The politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential multi-party representative democracy. [1] [2] [3] Executive power is exercised by the government, which is headed by the prime minister.
Politics in Portugal operates as a unitary multi-party semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government, and the President of Portugal is the non-executive head of state which, although it is a somewhat ceremonial figure, [1] has some significant political powers they exercise often. [2]
The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා රජය, romanized: Śrī Lankā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம்) is a Semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution.
While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959 in an article by journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, [5] and popularized by a 1978 work written by political scientist Maurice Duverger, [6] both of whom intended to describe the French Fifth Republic (established in 1958).
While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959 in an article by journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, [5] and popularized by a 1978 work written by political scientist Maurice Duverger, [6] both of whom intended to describe the French Fifth Republic (established in 1958).
1. I added "popularly elected" to the reference to semi-presidential systems featuring a president who is more than a figurehead. It is standard (though not universal) among political scientists to confine the term "semi-presidential" to systems where the president is popularly elected. 2.
