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Originally set up by the military police of the Empire of Japan, Unit 731 was taken over and commanded until the end of the war by General Shirō Ishii, a combat medic officer. The facility itself was built in 1935 as a replacement for the Zhongma Fortress, a prison and experimentation camp.
- 1936–1945
- Biological weapons, Chemical weapons, Explosives
- Estimated 3,000 to 300,000, 400,000 or higher from biological warfare, Over 3,000 from inside experiments from each unit (not including branches, 1940–1945 only): 20 , At least 10,000 prisoners died, No documented survivors
Oct 17, 2012 · Unit 731 (731部隊), based in the Pingfang district of Harbin and led by the infamous Japanese microbiologist Shiro Ishii, was a covert biological warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and World War II.
- China Underground
- Unit 731 Experiments: Frostbite Testing
- Vivisection of Conscious Captives
- Unit 731’S Horrifying Weapons Tests
- Syphilis Experiments on Unit 731 Captives
- Rape and Forced Pregnancy
- Germ Warfare on Chinese Civilians
Yoshimura Hisato, a physiologist assigned to Unit 731, took a special interest in hypothermia. As part of Maruta’s study in limb injuries, Hisato routinely submerged captives’ limbs in a tub of water filled with ice and had them held until the arm or leg had frozen solid and a coat of ice had formed over the skin. According to one eyewitness accoun...
Unit 731 started out as a research unit, investigating the effects of disease and injury on the fighting ability of an armed force. One element of the unit, called “Maruta,” took this research a little further than the usual bounds of medical ethics by observing injuries and the course of disease on living patients. At first, these patients were vo...
The effectiveness of various weapons was of obvious interest to the Japanese Army. To determine effectiveness, Unit 731 herded captives together on a firing range and blasted them from varying ranges by multiple Japanese weapons, such as the Nambu 8mm pistol, bolt-action rifles, machine guns, and grenades. Wound patterns and penetration depths were...
Venereal disease has been the bane of organized militaries since ancient Egypt, and so it stands to reason that the Japanese military would take an interest in the symptoms and treatment of syphilis. To learn what they needed to know, doctors assigned to Unit 731 infected victims with the disease and withheld treatment to observe the uninterrupted ...
Beyond just the syphilis experiments, rape became a common feature of Unit 731’s experiments. For example, female captives of childbearing age were sometimes forcibly impregnated so that weapon and trauma experiments could be done on them. After being infected with various diseases, exposed to chemical weapons, or suffering crush injuries, bullet w...
The totality of Unit 731’s research was in support of their larger mission, which by 1939 was to develop horrific weapons of mass destruction for use against the Chinese population, and presumably American and Soviet forces, if the time ever came. To this end, Unit 731 cycled through tens of thousands of captives at several facilities across Manchu...
May 4, 2018 · Accessed 3 May 2018. Unit 731, located in Harbin, China, was a secret Japanese project that carried out human medical experiments during the 1930s and 1940s.
Established for the purpose of developing biological and chemical weapons, Unit 731 exceeded by a year the duration of the Third Reich. While biological and chemical weapons were not new to warfare, Japanese testing on human subjects was unparalleled even by the Nazis.
Jul 26, 2018 · The main site of Japan’s experiments into biological warfare was the prisoner of war camp known as Unit 731 located in Pingfan, Manchuria, where Chinese inmates were subjected to gruesome experiments aimed at testing the limits of the human body and the effectiveness of biological and chemical agents.
Sep 29, 2021 · By: John Donovan | Sep 29, 2021. A building on the site of the Harbin bioweapon facility of Unit 731 stands in ruins today. Japanese troops, including those in Unit 731, developed and produced germ weapons based on experiments on human beings and used the weapons against Chinese civilians. Wikimedia/ (CC BY-SA 3.0)
