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Vietnamese Braille is the braille alphabet used for the Vietnamese language. It is very close to French Braille (and thus to a lesser degree to English Braille), but with the addition of tone letters. Vietnamese Braille is known in Vietnamese as chữ nổi, literally "raised letters", while electronic braille displays are called màn hình ...
- Alphabet
- Vietnamese alphabet
Braille ( / breɪl / BRAYL, French: [bʁɑj]) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille displays that connect to computers and smartphone devices. Braille can be written using a slate and stylus, a braille writer, an electronic braille notetaker ...
- left-to-right
- New York Point
- Several
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What is Vietnamese Braille?
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What is Braille & how does it work?
Braille tiếng Việt. Hệ thống chữ nổi tiếng Việt hay chữ Braille tiếng Việt là hệ chữ Braille được dùng trong tiếng Việt dành cho người khiếm thị, dựa trên chữ Braille tiếng Pháp. Một số chữ không có trong tiếng Việt đã được Việt hóa sang các chữ Việt. Chữ ư và ơ ...
- Bảng chữ cái
- Chữ Quốc ngữ
- Early Life
- Blind Education
- Braille System
- Later Life
- Legacy
- Notes
- Bibliography
- External Links
Louis Braille was born in Coupvray, a small town about twenty miles east of Paris, on 4 January 1809. He and his three elder siblings – Monique Catherine (b. 1793), Louis-Simon (b. 1795), and Marie Céline (b. 1797) – lived with their parents, Simon-René and Monique, on three hectares of land and vineyard in the countryside. Simon-René maintained a ...
Braille studied in Coupvray until the age of ten. Because of his intelligence and diligence, Braille was permitted to attend one of the first schools for blind children in the world, the Royal Institute for Blind Youth, since renamed to the National Institute for Blind Youth in Paris. The last of his family's children to leave the household, Braill...
Origins
In 1821, Braille learned of a communication system devised by Charles Barbier. Barbier, aware of its potential for helping the blind to read and write, wrote to the school to introduce his method.Barbier's invention was a code of up to twelve dots in two columns, impressed into thick paper. These impressions could be interpreted entirely by the fingers. Barbier's code of raised dots inspired Braille to develop a system of his own. Braille was determined to invent a system of reading and writi...
Design
Braille worked tirelessly on his ideas, and his system was largely completed by 1824, when he was fifteen years old. He innovated on Barbier's system by simplifying its form and maximizing its efficiency. He made uniform columns for each letter, and he reduced the twelve raised dots to six. His first versionused both dots and dashes. He published this version in 1829, but by the second edition in 1837 discarded the dashes because they were too difficult to read. Crucially, Braille's smaller c...
Musical adaptation
The system was soon extended to include braille musical notation. Passionate about his own music, Braille took meticulous care in its planning to ensure that the musical code would be "flexible enough to meet the unique requirements of any instrument". In 1829, he published the first book about his system, Method of Writing Words, Music, and Plain Songs by Means of Dots, for Use by the Blind and Arranged for Them. Ironically this book was first printed by the raised letter method of the Haüy...
Although Braille was admired and respected by his pupils, his writing system was not taught at the institute during his lifetime. The successors of Valentin Haüy, who had died in 1822, showed no interest in altering the established methods of the school,and indeed, they were actively hostile to its use. Dr. Alexandre René Pignier, headmaster at the...
Because of the overwhelming insistence of the blind pupils, Braille's system was finally adopted by the Institute in 1854, two years after his death. The system spread throughout the French-speaking world, but was slower to expand in other places. However, by the time of the first all-European conference of teachers of the blind in 1873, the cause ...
^ a:It remains uncertain which eye was actually struck first. Most accounts of Braille's accident omit reference to left or right. Braille's American biographer J. Alvin Kugelmass wrote that it was...
Bickel, Lennard (1989). Triumph Over Darkness: The Life of Louis Braille. Leicester: Ulverscroft. ISBN 978-0708920046. (also large print)Farrell, Gabriel (1956). The Story of Blindness. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 263655.Kugelmass, J. Alvin (1951). Louis Braille: Windows for the Blind. New York: Julian Messner Inc. OCLC 8989771.Lorimer, Pamela (1996). A critical evaluation of the historical development of the tactile modes of reading and analysis and evaluation of researches carried out in endeavours to make the braille c...Original pages from Method of Writing Words, Music, and Plainsong..., 1829 edition, at the National Federation of the BlindText of New Method of Representing by Dots...(2999) at Archive.org- 6 January 1852 (aged 43), Paris, France
- 4 January 1809, Coupvray, France
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- Braille
Celebrating the Bicentennial of Louis Braille's Birth. Postcard with drawing by Jean Roblin. The postcard, viewed vertically, is in two main sections—the upper portion has a medallion containing the head and shoulders of Louis. Louis' eyes appear closed. Coat lapels and a button-down waistcoat are visible. The dates 1809 and 1852 are written ...
Mar 15, 2024 · Braille, universally accepted system of writing used by and for blind persons, invented by Louis Braille in 1824. It consists of a code of 63 characters, each made up of one to six raised dots arranged in a six-position matrix or cell.
Apr 17, 2018 · At first, the Vietnamese Braille letter "đ" was written as "d" in the Latin Braille (dots 145) and the letter "d" was written as "z" in the Latin Braille (dots 1356). However, these rules were changed later to avoid conflicts with the Latin Braille, which means putting back the "d" and "z" to their original places and creating a new code for ...
