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c. 1296. Died: 1377. House / Dynasty: Jagiellon dynasty. Notable Family Members: father Gediminas. son Władysław II Jagiełło. Algirdas (born c. 1296—died 1377) was the grand duke of Lithuania from 1345 to 1377, who made Lithuania one of the largest European states of his day.
Algirdas was one of the seven sons of Grand Duke Gediminas. Before his death in 1341, Gediminas divided his domain, leaving his youngest son Jaunutis in possession of the capital, Vilnius . With the aid of his brother, Kęstutis , Algirdas drove out the incompetent Jaunutis and declared himself Grand Duke in 1345.
In parts of Serbia and western Bulgaria, knez was the informal title of the elder or mayor of a village or zadruga until around the 19th century. Those are officially called gradonačelnik (градоначелник) (Serbia) and gradonachalnik (градоначалник) or kmet (кмет) (Bulgaria).
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The Grand Prince of Kiev (sometimes grand duke) was the title of the monarch of Kievan Rus', residing in Kiev (modern Kyiv) from the 10th to 13th centuries. [citation needed] In the 13th century, Kiev became an appanage principality first of the grand prince of Vladimir and the Mongol Golden Horde governors, and later was taken over by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Algirdas waged a successful war over Volhynia against the Polish king Casimir III the Great and left him with only the Belz land and the Kholm region in Ukraine. He also annexed the principality of Smolensk and extended his influence over Pskov and Novgorod the Great .
Algirdas occupied the important principalities of Smolensk and Bryansk. Although his relationship with the grand dukes of Moscow principality was generally friendly (demonstrated by his marriages to two Orthodox Russian princesses), he besieged Moscow in 1368 and 1370 during the Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372) . [6]
