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- Computer graphics has revolutionized the drafting process, enabling the rapid entry and modification of designs. In addition, modeling and rendering systems have proven to be invaluable aids in the visualization process, allowing designers to walk through their designs with photorealistic imagery.
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potential for computer graphics as a tool in the earlier phases of the design process. In this essay, we argue that computer graphics might play a larger role via applications that aid and amplify the creative process. Nature of the Architectural Design Process and Traditional Media
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- Graphics Definition
- Why Computer Graphics?
- Video Games
- Computer-Aided Design
- Engineering Design
- Architectural Design
- Textile Industry
- Graphical User Interface: GUI
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
- Virtual Reality
- Computer Art
- Different Perspectives
- What’s computer graphics all about?
- Two Approaches
- Two Basic Questions
- Basic Topics – Undergraduate
- 3D Models
- Homogeneous Coordinates
- Homogeneous Coordinates
- Viewing Transformation
- Rasterization & Display
- Illumination and Shading
- Ambient Reflection
- Diffuse Reflection
- Specular Reflection
- Æ input or windowing are not included
- Major Elements in OpenGL Programming
- Our task
- Major Elements in OpenGL Progamming
- Draw Geometric Primitives
- Geometric Primitives Names
- • Example
- OpenGL Geometric Processing
- Advanced Topics
- Other Advanced Topics
- Conclusions
What is Computer Graphics? Pictorial synthesis of real and/or imaginary objects from their computer-based models (or datasets) Fundamental, core elements of computer graphics Modeling: representation choices, geometric processing Rendering: geometric transformation, visibility, simulation of light Interaction: input/output devices, tools Animation:...
About 50% of the brain neurons are associated with vision Dominant form of computer output Enable scientists (also engineers, physicians, and general users) to observe their simulation and computation Enable them to describe, explore, and summarize their datasets (models) and gain insights Enrich the discovery process and facilitate new inventions ...
Important driving force Focus on interactivity Try to avoid computation and use various tricks
Significant impact on the design process Mechanical, electronic design entirely on computer Architectural and product design Migrate to the computer UGS: towards virtual manufacturing
Engineering & Architecture Software Buildings, aircraft, automobile, computers, appliances, etc. Interactive design (mesh editing, wire-frame display, etc.) Standard shape database Design of structural component through numerical simulation of the physical operating environment Testing: real-time animations Courtesy of Lana Rushing, Engineering Ani...
Architecture, Engineering, Construction Final product appearance: surface rendering, realistic lighting Construction planning: architects, clients can study appearance before actual construction Courtesy of Craig Mosher & Ron Burdock, Peripheral Vision Animat ions
Fashion design Real-time cloth animation Web-based virtual try-on applications
Integral part of everyday computing Graphical elements everywhere Windows, cursors, menus, icons, etc Nearly all professional programmers must have an understanding of graphics in order to accept input and present output to users.
Courtesy of Mark Toscinski and Paul Tallon Scientific Visualization / Simulation • Urban security Courtesy of Kaufman et al.
User interacts with objects in a 3D scene Special devices (input, output) Virtual walkthroughs Equipment training (pilots, surgeons, etc.) Force reflecting gripper Haptic devices Force feedback exoskeleton Haptic workstation Virtual Reality Education using computer-generated system & process models Visual simulation: Aircraft simulator Spacecraft s...
Escher Drawing Combine interlocking shapes with tessellation to convey the beauty in structure and infinity Image courtesy of Escher Computer Art Fine arts, commercial art Artistic tools for digital art: Mathematical software (Matlab, Mathematica) CAD software Sculpting, painting, calligraphy systems Graphical user interfaces Special input devices ...
Application-oriented Motivation, driven by real problems E.g. scientific visualization, simulation, animation, virtual reality, computer-aided design, ... Mathematics-oriented Mathematical elements E.g. computational geometry, differential geometry, PDEs, ... Programming-oriented Modeling and rendering primitives: triangle mesh, point clouds, splin...
Graphics programming and algorithms OpenGL, Glut, rendering ... Graphics data structures polygonal mesh, half-edge structure... Applied geometry, modeling Curve, surfaces, transformation, projection... Well, it is a Computer Science course!
Don’t care the time/costs, want results Special effects, Movie Don’t care results, want real-time cheap Games, Virtual Reality Recently: a lot of convergence Movie quality games
What to render? Scene representation Modeling techniques Animation, simulation ... How to put it on the screen? Projection Visibility Illumination and shading ...
Hardware, system architecture Basic display devices Raster-scan system (rasterization) Input / output devices: keyboard, mouse, haptics, data glove, scanner, ... Software packages: standards, APIs, special-purpose software Basic Topics – Undergraduate 2D / 3D transformation and viewing 3D viewing pipeline Multiple coordinate system and their transf...
• Arbitrary shapes can be triangulated! number of edges
All transformations can be represented as matrix multiplication! Composite transformation becomes much easier!
Composite transformation Matrix multiplication Homogeneous Coordinates • Transformation in homogeneous coordinates Homogeneous Coordinates • Rotation in homogeneous coordinates Homogeneous Coordinates • Scaling in homogeneous coordinates Homogeneous Coordinates • Shearing in homogeneous coordinates
Rotate & translate the world to lie directly in front of the camera Typically place camera at origin Typically looking down -Z axis Result: World coordinates Î view coordinates Scene vertices in 3-D “view” or “camera” coordinate system Geometric modeling Geometric processing Rasterization Display
• Convert a vertex representation in the view coordinate system to a pixel representation on
Now we’ll look at how to shade surfaces to make them look 3D We’ll see different shading models, or frameworks that determine a surface’s color at a particular point These shading models can be easily modified to incorporate illumination and shading into the volume rendering pipeline A shading model checks what the lighting conditions are and then ...
Ambient reflection refers to reflected light that originally came from the “background” and has no clear source Models general level of brightness in the scene Accounts for light effects that are difficult to compute (secondary diffuse reflections, etc) Constant for all surfaces of a particular object and the directions it is viewed from Directionl...
Models dullness, roughness of a surface Equal light scattering in all directions For example, chalk is a diffuse reflector Unlike ambient reflection, diffuse reflection is dependent on the location of the light relative to the object So, if we were to move the light from the front of the sphere to the back, there would be little or no diffuse refle...
Models reflections on shiny surfaces (polished metal, chrome, plastics, etc.) Specular reflection is view-dependent – the specular highlight will change as the camera’s position changes This implies we need to take into account not only the angle the light source makes with the surface, but the angle the viewing ray makes with the surface Example: ...
Options for Windows: GLUT or MFC GLUT = OpenGL Utility Toolkit Implementations of GLUT exist for most computing environments GLUT is portable Controlled by the OpenGL Architectural Review Board SGI, IBM, NVIDIA, ATI, ... -- some major players in CG www.opengl.org
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
Bigger picture about Computer Graphics Animation, computer-aided design, medical application, entertainment, and other applications relevant to Computer Graphics Key components for undergraduates Advanced topics for senior undergraduates, and graduate research Graphics rendering pipeline Geometric modeling Modeling/viewing transformation Rasterizat...
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Oct 28, 2022 · In fact, computer graphics and geometric modeling are an essential component of computer-aided design in various fields, which is equally applicable in architecture (including planning), engineering (both civil and building engineering) and construction, i.e. AEC field.
Feb 1, 1998 · In this essay, we argue that computer graphics might play a larger role via applications that aid and amplify the creative process.
- Julie Dorsey, Leonard McMillan
- 1998
Jul 12, 2022 · Whether you're an architect or a web designer, a fashion student or a scientist, computer graphics can make your work quicker, easier, and much more effective. How? Let's take a closer look! Photo: Computer graphics allows us to "visualize" (imagine, mathematically) all sorts of things we can't (or won't ever) see.
This course is targetted to both systems students interested in building graphics systems, as well as programmers interested in real-time graphics applications such as games. The class is open to students with a background in computer graphics or computer systems and architecture.
1 min read. Computer Graphics in Architecture. A computer programmed to generate pictures or drawings can show a prospective building in various settings, enabling...
