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1. Top results related to what is the hierarchy of linux operating system

   • What is the use of EAX register in the context of system calls in Linux?

     Top Answer

     Answered Dec 07, 2017 · 3 votes

     X86 Assembly/Interfacing with Linux

     Making a syscall

     For making a syscall using an interrupt, you have to pass all required information to the kernel by copying them into general purpose registers.

     Each syscall has a fixed number (note: the numbers differ between int $0x80 and syscall!). You specify the syscall by writing the number into the eax/rax register.

     Most syscalls take parameters to perform their task. Those parameters are passed by writing them in the appropriate registers before making the actual call. Each parameter index has a specific register. See the tables in the subsections as the mapping differs between int $0x80

     and syscall. Parameters are passed in the order they appear in the function signature of the corresponding C wrapper function. You may find syscall functions and their signatures in every Linux API documentation, like the reference manual (type man 2 open to see the signature of the open syscall).

     After everything is set up correctly, you call the interrupt using int $0x80 or syscall and the kernel performs the task.

     The return / error value of a syscall is written to eax/rax.

     The kernel uses its own stack to perform the actions. The user stack is not touched in any way.

     So to sum up:

     In user space:

     • prepare the syscall by writing the parameters into specified registers
     • put the syscall number into eax
     • call the interrupt by int $0x80 or syscall

     In kernel space:

     • the kernel reads the syscall number from eax
     • reads the parameters from the specific registers
     • performs the task (on it's own stack)
     • writes the result in eax
     • returns to control to user space

     In user space again:

     • you can find the result of the interrupt in the eax register

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   • What is the state of system level tracing in production Linux systems (RH/CentOS and Debian/Ubuntu)?

     Top Answer

     Answered Mar 11, 2015 · 2 votes

     IMHO SystemTap is a good choice for your customer. I worked a lot with DTrace and SystemTap and have to say that what achievable by DTrace is achievable by SystemTap

     They have comparison with other tools https://sourceware.org/systemtap/wiki/SystemtapDtraceComparison (as expected, SystemTap is winner). It is also backward-compatible with DTrace USDT probes.

     It works well with CentOS 6.x and 7.x stock kernels. Cannot say anything about Ubuntu, because I use Debian -- works fine, but Debian 7 stock kernel doesn't have uprobes. I've also used it under Xen, everything seem fine too.

     Comparing with other tools you mentioned, however, SystemTap is more complex, because unlike Sysdig every performance data collection require scripting (it has examples, but not much, and doesn't have such thing as DTraceToolkit). Event LTTng project is developing user-friendly tools.

     Also, one of famous DTrace developers, Brendan Gregg, currently working with Sysdig and SystemTap, that should mean something.

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   • What is the significance of having high pgfree/s on a linux system?

     Top Answer

     Answered Apr 15, 2009 · 1 votes

     It depends on what your machine is doing as to whether it's an issue. pgfree/s is the number of pages the kernel is putting on the free list per second. The free list is where the kernel tracks unallocated memory. So if you're doing a lot of memory allocation/deallocation (like by creating and destroying a lot of processes), then it should be fine. More info about memory and the free list can be found here.

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     3/5

   • What is Linux Operating System

     The Linux Operating System is a type of operating system that is similar to Unix, and it is built upon the Linux Kernel. The Linux Kernel is like the brain of the operating system because it manages how the computer interacts with its hardware and resources. It makes sure everything works smoothly and efficiently. But the Linux Kernel alone is not enough to make a complete operating system. To create a full and functional system, the Linux Kernel is combined with a collection of software packages and utilities, which are together called Linux distributions. These distributions make the Linux Operating System ready for users to run their applications and perform tasks on their computers securely and effectively. Linux distributions come in different flavors, each tailored to suit the specific needs and preferences of users.

     What is Linux

     Linux is a powerful and flexible family of operating systems that are free to use and share. It was created by a person named Linus Torvalds in 1991. What’s cool is that anyone can see how the system works because its source code is open for everyone to explore and...

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   • What is Linux Operating System

     The Linux Operating System is a type of operating system that is similar to Unix, and it is built upon the Linux Kernel. The Linux Kernel is like the brain of the operating system because it manages how the computer interacts with its hardware and resources. It makes sure everything works smoothly and efficiently. But the Linux Kernel alone is not enough to make a complete operating system. To create a full and functional system, the Linux Kernel is combined with a collection of software packages and utilities, which are together called Linux distributions. These distributions make the Linux Operating System ready for users to run their applications and perform tasks on their computers securely and effectively. Linux distributions come in different flavors, each tailored to suit the specific needs and preferences of users.

     What is Linux

     Linux is a powerful and flexible family of operating systems that are free to use and share. It was created by a person named Linus Torvalds in 1991. What’s cool is that anyone can see how the system works because its source code is open for everyone to explore and...

     Check all answers on Geeksforgeeks

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2. www.geeksforgeeks.org › architecture-of-linuxArchitecture of linux operating system - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org › architecture-of-linux

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   Sep 25, 2023 · The main components of Linux operating system are: Application, Shell, Kernel, Hardware, Utilities. Linux operating system architecture. 1. Kernel: Kernel is the main core component if Linux, it controls the activity of other hardware components. It visualizes the common hardware resources and provide each process with necessary virtual resources.

3. linuxsimply.com › linux-basics › introductionArchitecture of Linux Operating System - LinuxSimply

   linuxsimply.com › linux-basics › introduction

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   Nov 20, 2023 · The architecture of the Linux operating system is a layered structure that includes components that provide flexibility and stability. It can be understood at any level from hardware to kernel to user level. In this article, I will discuss the structure that mainly forms the architecture of the Linux operating system.

   • What is the kernel type of Linux?

     The kernel type of Linux is the monolithic kernel that serves all the functions including file, resource, and memory management. As it has a simple...
   • Why is Linux referred to as a modular design system?

     Modular design refers to the system in which the components are independent and if any changes or updates are done then it will not affect the othe...
   • What is a Linux architecture diagram?

     The Linux architecture is the visual representation that shows all the components and how the layers interact with each other. This diagram mainly...
   • What is the file structure in the architecture of Linux?

     Linux comes with a hierarchical file structure where all files are categorized by their type and stored in a specific directory. There are differen...

4. People also ask

   What are the components of a Linux operating system?

   • The Linux operating system's architecture mainly contains some of the components: the Kernel, System Library, Hardware layer, System, and Shell utility. 1. Kernel:- The kernel is one of the core section of an operating system. It is responsible for each of the major actions of the Linux OS.

   Architecture of Linux - javatpoint

   www.javatpoint.com/architecture-of-linux

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   What are the components of Linux architecture?

   • The Linux architecture is largely composed of elements such as the Kernel, System Library, Hardware layer, System, and Shell functions. Kernel: The kernel is one of the fundamental parts of an operating system. It is responsible for each of the primary duties of the Linux OS.

   Linux Architecture - Detailed Explanation - InterviewBit

   www.interviewbit.com/blog/linux-architecture/

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   What are the features of Linux OS?

   • Hierarchical file system: Linux OS affords a typical file structure where user files or system files are arranged. Security: Linux OS facilitates user security systems with the help of various features of authentication such as controlled access to specific files, password protection, or data encryption.

   Architecture of Linux - javatpoint

   www.javatpoint.com/architecture-of-linux

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   What is the most powerful component of Linux operating system?

   • The most powerful and versatile component of Linux operating system is Kernel, using which functional of whole operating system can be controlled. Kernel provides a huge range of functionality, which can be easily accessed by the user in an interactive way using shell.

   Architecture of linux operating system - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org/architecture-of-linux-operating-system/

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5. developer.ibm.com › articles › l-linux-kernelAnatomy of the Linux kernel - IBM Developer

   developer.ibm.com › articles › l-linux-kernel

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   • A Short Tour of Linux History
   • Introduction to The Linux Kernel
   • Properties of The Linux Kernel
   • Major Subsystems of The Linux Kernel
   • Interesting Features of The Linux Kernel
   • Going Further

   While Linux is arguably the most popular open source operating system, its history is actually quite short considering the timeline of operating systems. In the early days of computing, programmers developed on the bare hardware in the hardware's language. The lack of an operating system meant that only one application (and one user) could use the ...

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   Now on to a high-altitude look at the GNU/Linux operating system architecture. You can think about an operating system from two levels, as shown in Figure 2. At the top is the user, or application, space. This is where the user applications are executed. Below the user space is the kernel space. Here, the Linux kernel exists. There is also the GNU ...

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   When discussing architecture of a large and complex system, you can view the system from many perspectives. One goal of an architectural decomposition is to provide a way to better understand the source, and that's what we'll do here. The Linux kernel implements a number of important architectural attributes. At a high level, and at lower levels, t...

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   Now let's look at some of the major components of the Linux kernel using the breakdown shown in Figure 3 as a guide.

   See full list on developer.ibm.com

   If the portability and efficiency of the Linux kernel weren't enough, it provides some other features that could not be classified in the previous decomposition. Linux, being a production operating system and open source, is a great test bed for new protocols and advancements of those protocols. Linux supports a large number of networking protocols...

   See full list on developer.ibm.com

   This article just scratched the surface of the Linux kernel architecture and its features and capabilities. You can check out the Documentation directory that's provided in every Linux distribution for detailed information about the contents of the kernel.

   See full list on developer.ibm.com

6. www.interviewbit.com › blog › linux-architectureLinux Architecture - Detailed Explanation - InterviewBit

   www.interviewbit.com › blog › linux-architecture

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   Jan 2, 2024 · A number of software applications are run on operating systems to manage hardware resources on a computer. The diagram illustrates the structure of the Linux system, according to the layers concept. The Linux architecture is largely composed of elements such as the Kernel, System Library, Hardware layer, System, and Shell functions.

7. www.itprotoday.com › linux › depth-overview-linuxAn In-Depth Overview of the Linux File System Hierarchy

   www.itprotoday.com › linux › depth-overview-linux

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   Jul 21, 2023 · The Linux File System Hierarchy Structure is governed by the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, a set of guidelines that determines the structure and contents of directories in Unix-type operating systems, including Linux. These standards are maintained by the Linux Foundation.

8. www.javatpoint.com › architecture-of-linuxArchitecture of Linux - javatpoint

   www.javatpoint.com › architecture-of-linux

   • Cached

   The Linux operating system's architecture mainly contains some of the components: the Kernel, System Library, Hardware layer, System, and Shell utility. 1. Kernel:- The kernel is one of the core section of an operating system. It is responsible for each of the major actions of the Linux OS.