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Goidelic languages
- The modern Goidelic languages— Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx —are all descendants of Middle Irish.
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Middle Irish, also called Middle Gaelic (Irish: An Mheán-Ghaeilge, Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan-Ghàidhlig), is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from c. 900–1200 AD; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English.
- Ireland, Scotland, Isle of Man
From the 12th century, Middle Irish began to evolve into modern Irish in Ireland, into Scottish Gaelic in Scotland, and into the Manx language in the Isle of Man. Early Modern Irish, dating from the 13th century, was the basis of the literary language of both Ireland and Gaelic-speaking Scotland.
Early Modern Irish (c. 1200-1600) represents a transition between Middle Irish and Modern Irish. Its literary form, Classical Gaelic, was used in Ireland and Scotland from the 13th to the 18th century.
From the beginning of the 13th century, there is a rigidly fixed norm, often called Classical Modern Irish, which, for over four centuries, was used as the exclusive literary medium in Ireland and in Gaelic-speaking Scotland (there is no evidence for the Isle of Man).
The spoken language of the same period is called Early Modern Irish, but the speech of the people underwent many changes from the start to the end of this period. Although the majority of the people had Irish, English, however, was necessary for administrative and legal affairs.
To the Brythonic belong: modern Welsh [ Cymraeg] in Wales, Breton [ Brezhoneg] in Bretagne (Brittany) and the unfortunately extinct Cornish [ Kernewek] in Cornwall (which is being revived with astonishing sucess).
Mar 5, 2020 · Following Middle Irish was Classical Irish, a written language used to write texts and religious manuscripts between 1200-1700. Again, Classical Irish was a written language and wasn’t used for speaking. Most people at this time were speaking Early Modern Irish which has since evolved into the Irish that most Irish speaking people use today.
