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The history of the Army National Guard in the United States dates from 1636, when the Massachusetts Bay Colony 's government organized existing militia companies into three regiments. The National Guard's history continued through the colonial era, including the French and Indian War, and extends into the modern era, including participation in ...
The act, also known as the Dick Act in honor of Dick, repealed the Militia Act of 1792 and divided the militia into two groups: the Reserve Militia, defined as all able-bodied men between 18 and 45, and the Organized Militia, defined as state units receiving federal support. There was a one-time grant of $2 million to modernize equipment, and ...
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In training, arms, equipment, and numbers, the National Guard represented a vast improvement over the uniformed militia. By the 1890s, over 100,000 men in Guard regiments regularly attended summer training camps. Most states made their adjutants general full‐time employees to supervise and administer their citizen‐soldiers.
America’s State Defense Forces: an Historical Component of National Defense 3 AMERICA’S STATE DEFENSE FORCES: AN HISTORICAL COMPONENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Dr. Kent G. Sieg Throughout American history, the bulk of U.S. military forces fighting during the nation’s major wars at least through the end of the 19th Century were men who ...
- Old World Roots
- Fighting For Hearth and Home
- Revolution
- Suspicious of Standing Armies
- The Civil War
- Towards A National Guard
- Common Legal Issues
America’s militia extends back to English traditions beginning with the Assize of Arms in 1181during which it was written that: This was further reinforced in 1285 with the Statute of Winchester in 1285, which stipulated: During the reign of Elizabeth I, English law held that: Perhaps the strongest cultural tradition to transfer from England to its...
Through the colonial conflicts of the 17th and 18thcenturies, English colonists in North America had plenty of opportunities to encounter regular British army soldiers. For the most part, these interactions were not always positive. The often devoutly religious colonists saw the regulars as profane, uncouth and generally prone to immoral behaviour....
Militia units formed the backbone of the American military at the outset of the revolution. As the war continued, the militia was used to augment the Continental Army. While the militia units of the War of Independence were amateurs, just like their colonial forerunners, they did score some victories for the rebellion. It was the militia that carri...
The Federalistsfavoured a national army and navy to protect sovereignty. Their opponents, the Democratic Republicans, were convinced that a permanent military would only give more power to the federal government and reduce the authority of the states. The Framers of the Constitution eventually got their way, angering the Anti-Federalists by establi...
At the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War, Washington needed to expand the federal army and called upon the states to raise 90-day “volunteer” units, which were largely made up of militia. Similar formations served with distinction in the Mexican-American War; the federal government hoped for the same in 1861. Generally speaking, the first volunteer re...
Following the Civil War, volunteer militias soldiered. Through the 1880s, most states continued to organize, fund and regulate their own militias along in the absence of any revisions the national laws. The U.S. Volunteers were used again in the Spanish-American Warin 1898. The Militia Act of 1903 created the National Guardout of the Organized Mili...
Most states still have militia laws on their books, which provide authorization for State Defense Forces or State Guards. Some states – like Texas – have far-reaching militia laws that allow the governor to call up private citizens as part of an unorganized militia in the event of invasion or natural disaster. Additionally, there is a lot of incred...
The militia, called the National Guard since 1916, has served community, state, and nation for nearly 400 years, and citizen-soldiers have fought in every major American conflict from 1637 to ...
The Militia and the National Guard in America since Colonial Times: A Research Guide. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1993. Crackel, Theodore J. Mr. Jefferson's Army: Political and Social Reform of the Military Establishment, 1801–1809. New York: New York University Press, 1987. Cunliffe, Marcus.
