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13 February 1975
- After the Temporary Turkish Cypriot Administration was declared on 1 October 1974, the second phase was put into effect unilaterally [citation needed] on 13 February 1975 with the declaration of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus by the Chairman of the Administration Rauf Denktaş, in the Autonomous Turkish Administration Assembly of Cyprus.
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What is Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (TFSC)?
The Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (TFSC) was a state in Northern Cyprus, declared in 1975 and existed until 1983. This state was not recognised by the international community. It was succeeded by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
On 13 February 1975, Turkey declared the occupied areas of the Republic of Cyprus to be a "Federated Turkish State", to the universal condemnation of the international community (see United Nations Security Council Resolution 367).
- 20 July – 18 August 1974, (4 weeks and 1 day)
- Turkey occupies 36.2% of Cyprus, Formation of the Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration
- Turkish Cypriot Opinion
- Greek Cypriot Opinion
- Greek Military Coup and Turkish Invasion
- Negotiations and Other Developments
- Legacy: Lessons For Peacemaking
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The Turkish Cypriots stated that after their rejection of the constitutional amendments in 1963, they were not only forced out (at gunpoint) of their positions in the government, but were also forced off their land (which at that time was about 31 percent) and pushed into scattered enclaves (making up only 4 percent) which was then taken over by Gr...
Following the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman Empireentered a long period of conquest and expansion, extending its borders deep into Europe and North Africa. The Island of Cyprus and its overwhelming Greek population stayed approximately 307 years under Turkish rule until the island was leased to the British in 1878. Throughout the ...
1963-1974
Between December 21 and 26, 1963, the conflict centered in the Omorphita suburb of Nicosia, which had been an area of tension previously in 1958. The participants now were Greek Cypriot irregulars and Turkish Cypriot civilians and former TMT members, known as the "fighters" during the Cyprus problem, the Turkish fighters were less powerful, outnumbered and were held down in "ghettos" from the superior Greek Cypriot side who were supplied with stored EOKA guns and eventually guns from foreign...
Greek military coup of July 1974
In the spring of 1974, Cypriot intelligence discovered that EOKA-B was planning a coup against President Makarios which was sponsored by the military junta of Athens. The junta had came to power in a military coup in 1967 which was condemned by the whole of Europe but had the support of the United States. In the autumn of 1973 after the November 17 student uprising there had been a further coup in Athensin which the original Greek junta had been replaced by one still more obscurantist headed...
Turkish invasion of Cyprus of July and August 1974
Turkey intervened in Cyprus on July 20, 1974, after unsuccessfully trying to gain support from one of the other guarantor forces - Britain. Heavily armed troops landed shortly before dawn at Kyrenia (Girne) on the northern coast. Ankara claimed that it was invoking its right under the Treaty of Guarantee to protect the Turkish Cypriots and guarantee the independence of Cyprus. Greeks and Greek Cypriots dispute that Cypriot independence was ever Turkey's intent. The operation, codenamed 'Opera...
Ongoing negotiations
The United Nations Security Council decisions for the immediate unconditional withdrawal of all foreign troops from Cyprus soil and the safe return of the refugees to their homes have not been implemented by Turkey and the TRNC. (See UN Security Council resolutions 353(1974), 357(1974), 358(1974), 359(1974), 360(1974), 365(1974) endorsing General Assembly resolution 3212(XXIX)(1974), 367(1975), 541(1983), 550(1984).) Turkey and TRNC defend their position, stating that any such withdrawal woul...
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus declared "legally invalid"
In 1983 the subordinate local administration in the north declared independence under the name Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Immediately upon this declaration Britain convened a meeting of the United Nations Security Council to condemn the declaration as "legally invalid." UN Security Council Resolution 541(1983) considered the "attempt to create the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is invalid, and will contribute to a worsening of the situation in Cyprus." It went on to state that...
Return of Varosha
In the following year UN resolution 550 (1984) condemned the "exchange of Ambassadors" between Turkey and the TRNC and went on to add that the Security Council "Considers attempts to settle any part of Varosha by people other than its inhabitants as inadmissible and calls for the transfer of this area to the administration of the United Nations." To this day, neither Turkey nor the TRNC have complied with the above resolutions and Varosha remains uninhabited.
The dispute in Cyprus represents an example of competing nationalisms. Tirman describes the stand-off between parties: There is some similarity with the Northern Ireland context, where some want union with the Republic of Ireland and others want to maintain union with Great Britain in a divided island. In addition to the two communities in Northern...
Barker, Dudley. 1960. Grivas: portrait of a terrorist.New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace.Bennett, Clinton. 2008. In Search of Solutions: the problem of religion and conflict. Religion and violence. London, UK: Equinox Pub. ISBN 9781845532390.Burg, Stephen L. 1996. War Or Peace?: Nationalism, Democracy, and American Foreign Policy in Post-communist Europe. New York, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 9780814712702.Brewin, Christopher. 2000. The European Union and Cyprus. Huntingdon, UK: Eothen Press. ISBN 9780906719312All links retrieved May 2, 2023. 1. The House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee report on Cyprus. 2. Address to Cypriots by President Papadopoulos (FULL TEXT).
Jul 20, 2021 · Turkish Cypriots then created an autonomous government named the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (TFSC), backed by Ankara and headed by the Turkish Cypriot politician Rauf Denktas....
Assaults on Turks began on 21 June 1955. When it was becoming apparent that Cyprus was to be freed of the British yoke like other Crown Colonies, Turkey reneged on the treaties which bound it and began a campaign of state sponsored terrorism against the majority of Cypriots both Christians and Muslims that wanted independence and democracy.
Mar 26, 2024 · The 2004 UN-sponsored plan—the most serious attempt to resolve the stalemate and establish a unified federal state—was supported by Turkey, Greece, the United Kingdom and Turkish Cypriots, but was ultimately rejected in a referendum by Greek Cypriots.
In February 1975 the Turkish Cypriots proclaimed the Turkish-occupied area the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (a body calling itself the Provisional Cyprus-Turkish Administration had been in existence among Turkish Cypriots since 1967); Denktash announced that their purpose was not independence but federation.
