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Apr 13, 2024 · Urdu language, member of the Indo-Aryan group within the Indo-European family of languages. It is mutually intelligible with Hindi but is distinguished by its heavy borrowing from Arabic and Persian as well as its use of the Perso-Arabic Nastaliq script.
- Allophone
allophone, one of the phonetically distinct variants of a...
- Nastaʿlīq
Nastaʿlīq script, predominant style of Persian calligraphy...
- Retroflex
Retroflex, in phonetics, a consonant sound produced with the...
- Hindawi
Other articles where Hindawi is discussed: South Asian arts:...
- Hindustani
Hindustani language, lingua franca of northern India and...
- Allophone
Historically, Urdu developed from the sub-regional language of the Delhi area, which became a literary language in the eighteenth century. Two quite similar standard forms of the language developed in Delhi, and in Lucknow in modern Uttar Pradesh. Since 1947, a third form, Karachi standard Urdu, has evolved.
- Indo-Pakistani Sign Language, Signed Urdu
- Where is Urdu spoken? Urdu is a living language which, according to estimates, is spoken by close to 100 million people around the world. It is the official language of Pakistan, a status which it shares with English.
- What you already know about Urdu. Many English words are commonly used in spoken and written Urdu. سائنس [science], science. گلاس [glass], glass. کرپٹ [corrupt], corrupt.
- How hard is it to learn? Urdu grammar, word construction and sentence structure are very systematic, however, Urdu presents some challenges. Urdu uses formal and informal verb forms and each noun has either masculine or feminine gender.
- The most difficult words and tongue twisters. If you say any of these tongue twisters repeatedly, you’re bound to stumble! You are trying to view Flash content, but you have no Flash plugin installed.
- History
- Relations to Persian
- Levels of Formality
- Poetics
- Common Words/Phrases in Urdu
- Urdu vs. Hindi--What's The difference?
In the 11th century AD, the Ghaznavid Empire ruled over Punjab, the region characterized by five rivers. Also known as Hind, the Punjab was a land east on the Indus River. The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of Turkic ethnicity, was Persian. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring Punjab or Hind...
Differences
The letters in Urdu are derived from the Persian/Farsi alphabet, which is derived from the Arabic alphabet. The additional letters that are found in Urdu include ٹ ,ڈ ,ڑ (ṫ, ḋ, ṙ). To make the alphabet more enriched, two letters were created for the sounds ه (h) and ی (y). By adding these letters to the existing Persian letters, the Urdu alphabet became more suitable for the people of Pakistan and for some people of North India, who primarily use nastaliq script. Both are also Indo-Iranic lan...
Similarities
Urdu is written right to left like Farsi (Persian) script. Urdu is also written in the Nasta’ liq style of Persian Calligraphy. Nastaliq style is a cursive script invented by Mīr ʿAlī of Tabrīz, a very famous calligrapher during the Timurid period (1402–1502). Both belong to the Indo-Iranic language subfamily.[source?]
Informal
Urdu in its less formalized register has been called a rekhta (ریختہ, ), meaning "rough mixture". The more formal register of Urdu is sometimes called zabān-e-Urdu-e-mo'alla (زبان اردو معلہ [zəbaːn eː ʊrd̪uː eː moəllaː]), the "Language of Camp." In local translation, it is called Lashkari Zabān (لشکری زبان [lʌʃkɜ:i: zɑ:bɑ:n]) meaning "language of battalions" or "battalion language." This can be shortened to Lashkari. The etymology of the word used in the Urdu language, for the most part, dec...
Formal
Urdu is supposed to be a well-formed language; many of words are used in it to show respect and politeness. This emphasis on politeness, which comes from the vocabulary, is known as Aadab (Courteous) and to sometimes as takalluf (Formal) in Urdu. These words are mostly used when addressing elders, or people with whom one is not met yet. Just like French Vous and Tu. Upon studying French and other forms of Language, similar formal language constructs are present. The whole grammatical layout a...
Two well-respected poets who are not only celebrated in the South Asian subcontinent, but are famous in many other communities worldwide are Mirza Ghalib and Sir Dr. Muhammed Iqbal.
Formal Urdu: Aap tashreef rakhein = Please have a seat Main mu'azzarat chahta/chahti hun = Please excuse me/I apologize Informal Urdu: Aap bethein (You sit) or Tum betho (Sit, more informal) Main maafi chahta/chahti hun= I ask for forgiveness ************* Aap kaisay hein? = How are you? Main sahein hun = I am fine Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon...
Although often misunderstood as two separate languages, Urdu and Hindi are two registers of the same Hindustani language, often called Hindi-Urdu. Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and spoken by 71 million people in India. Urdu's vocabulary borrows primarily from Chagatai, Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic.Hindi, also historically known as Hindu...
- 68.62 million (2021), Total: 230 million (2021)
Urdu Language – history and development. Urdu started developing in north India around Delhi in about the 12th century. It was based on the language spoken in the region around Delhi, and it was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian, as well as Turkish.
The earliest linguistic influences in the development of Urdu probably began with the Muslim conquest of Sindh in 711. The language started evolving from Farsi and Arabic contacts during the invasions of the Indian subcontinent by Persian and Turkic forces from the 11th century onward.
Persian was displaced by Urdu during colonial rule in India, though it remains in use in its native Iran (as Farsi), Afghanistan (as Dari) and Tajikistan (as Tajik). Urdu is currently the official language and lingua franca of Pakistan, and an officially recognized language in the republic of India.
