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Luxembourgish and Turkish
- Luxembourgish and Turkish, which have official status in Luxembourg and Cyprus, respectively, are the only two official languages of EU member states that are not official languages of the EU.
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Luxembourgish and Turkish are the only two national languages that are not official languages of the EU. Neither Luxembourg nor Cyprus have yet used the provision of 13 June 2005 resolution to benefit from use in official EU institutions.
Multilingualism is enshrined in the EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights: EU nationals have the right to use any of the 24 official languages to communicate with the EU institutions, and the institutions must reply in the same language.
When acceding to the EU, new Member States declare which of their languages will become an official EU language. Currently, the EU has three alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek and Latin) and 24 official languages (see Figure 2), which are listed in the Treaties (Article 55(1) TEU).
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- Role of The European Parliament
In an EU based on the motto ‘United in diversity’, languages are the most direct expression of our culture. Linguistic diversity is a reality, observance of which is a fundamental value of the EU. Article 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) states that the Union ‘shall respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity’. Article 165(2) of the T...
EU language policy is based on respect for linguistic diversity in all Member States and on the creation of an intercultural dialogue throughout the EU. In order to put mutual respect into practice, the EU promotes the teaching and learning of foreign languages and the mobility of every citizen through dedicated programmes for education and vocatio...
A.Policy developments and support for research on languages 1.Supporting language learning On 22 May 2019, the Council adopted a recommendation on a comprehensive approach to the teaching and learning of languages. In its recommendation, the Council invites the Member States to bolster language learning by the end of compulsory education, to ensure...
A.Linguistic diversity As a preliminary point, it has to be noted that Parliament has adopted a multilingual language policy in its own communication strategy, meaning that all EU languages are equally important. Most parliamentary documents are translated into all the official languages and every Member of the European Parliament has the right to ...
Luxembourgish and Turkish, which have official status in Luxembourg and Cyprus, respectively, are the only two official languages of EU member states that are not official languages of the EU. In 2023, the Spanish government requested that its co-official languages Catalan, Basque, and Galician be added to the official languages of the EU.
However, Article 55(1) provides the list of Treaty languages, but not the full list of official languages of the EU or working languages of the institutions, which are determined by Regulation No 1 (see below). By virtue of Article 358 TFEU, Article 55 TEU applies also to the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU.
Official languages. The official and working languages of the EU institutions (hereinafter also ‘EU official languages’) are: Bulgarian; Spanish; Czech; Danish; German; Estonian; Greek; English; French; Irish; Croatian; Italian; Latvian; Lithuanian; Hungarian; Maltese; Dutch; Polish; Portuguese; Romanian; Slovak; Slovenian; Finnish; Swedish ...
