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Hamburg (German: [ˈhambʊʁk] ⓘ, locally also [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç] ⓘ; Low Saxon: Hamborg [ˈhambɔːç] ⓘ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, is the second-largest city in Germany, after Berlin, and 8th-largest in the European Union, with a population of over 1.9 million.
- 755.22 km² (291.59 sq mi)
- 1,945,532
- Germany
- Hamburg Parliament
Hamburg ( [ˈhambʊʁk]; regiolektal auch [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç], dialektal [ ˈhambɔʁχ ]), amtlich Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg ( niederdeutsch Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg, Ländercode HH ), ist als Stadtstaat ein Land der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
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May 13, 2024 · Hamburg, city and Land (state), located on the Elbe River in northern Germany. It is the country’s largest port and commercial centre. The Free and Hanseatic City (Freie und Hansestadt) of Hamburg is the second smallest of the 16 Länder of Germany, with a territory of only 292 square miles (755 square km). It is also the most populous city ...
- Etymology
- First Steps Until 1189 Ad
- On The Way: 1189–1529
- The Lutheran Church Law and Its Consequences
- Modern History
- See Also
- References
- External Links
According to Ptolemy, the settlement's first name was Treva. A fortress there was named Hammaburg (burg means "fortress"). In Old High German, hamma means 'angle' and hamme means 'pastureland', but the meaning of hamma in this context is unknown. The angle might refer to a spit of land or to the curvature of a river. The language spoken might not h...
The first settlers in the area were a hunting and gathering society in the late Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic, which has several archaeological documented records in the areas of Wellingsbüttel, Meiendorf and Rahlstedt from 20,000 to 8000 BC. In 4000 BC, the first permanent settlements are recorded in the area of Fischbeker Heide. The culture of ...
A charter in 1189 from Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor granted Hamburg the status of a free imperial city, tax-free access up the Lower Elbe into the North Sea, and the rights to fish, to cut trees and the freedom of military service. The charter was given orally for Hamburg's backing of Frederick's crusades, and in 1265 a letter, in all probabilit...
On 15 May 1529 the city embraced Lutheranism. The senate of Hamburg had asked Martin Luther to send his friend and colleague Johannes Bugenhagen to create a new church order. Bugenhagen's work created a state church for Hamburg. The service was held in Low German and the parishes elected their own pastors. There was no iconoclasm in Hamburg mostly ...
17th and 18th centuries
When the Senate commissioned Jan van Valckenborgh to build a second layer to the city's fortifications to protect against the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), Hamburg was also extended by the newly created "New Town" (Neustadt). Some of these street names still date from the grid system of roads he introduced.In the late 1580s, the first Sephardi Jews arrived—fleeing from Portugal—and built a Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg. In 1610, official lists of the senate counted about 100 Jewish f...
19th century
Briefly annexed by Napoleon I (1810–14), Hamburg was the capital of the department Bouches-de-l'Elbe, with Amandus Augustus Abendroth as the new mayor. Hamburg suffered severely during the Continental Blockade and Napoleon's last campaign in Germany but managed to raise two forces to fight against him, the Hamburg Citizen Militia and Hanseatic Legion. The city was besieged for over a year by Allied forces (mostly Russian, Swedish and German). Russian forces under General Bennigsenfinally free...
20th century
With Albert Ballin as its director the Hamburg-America Line became the world's largest transatlantic shipping company around the start of the 20th century, and Hamburg was also home to shipping companies to South America, Africa, India and East Asia. Hamburg became a cosmopolitan metropolis based on worldwide trade. Hamburg was the port for most Germans and Eastern Europeans to leave for the New World and became home to trading communities from all over the world (like a small Chinatownin Alt...
Abellán, Javier (2017). Water supply and sanitation services in modern Europe: developments in 19th-20th centuries. 12th International Conference of the Spanish Association of Economic History. Uni...Bajohr, Frank. Aryanization in Hamburg: The Economic Exclusion of Jews and the Confiscation of their Property in Nazi Germany (Berghahn Books, 2002)Comfort, Richard A. Revolutionary Hamburg: labor politics in the early Weimar Republic(Stanford University Press, 1966)Ferguson, Niall. Paper and iron: Hamburg business and German politics in the era of inflation, 1897-1927(Cambridge University Press, 2002)Your official guide Hamburg's greatest points of interest. Planning a weekend in Hamburg? Explore our Top 10 sights, the Elbphilharmonie concert hall, upcoming events and the best things to do. Find anything from luxury hotels to cheap hostels in central Hamburg.
Hamburg is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and radiates an incomparable charm. Go on a discovery tour through the city by the Elbe and explore the most beautiful sights, attend unique events or feast in the most delicious restaurants & cafés. The city's scene & nightlife are known all over the world and Hamburg is also a great ...
