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- His contributions to pathological anatomy and physiology included the first experimental production of valvular disease of the heart and the recognition of bacterial infection in the production of the subsequent endocarditis, the description of hsemorrhagic pancreatitis as a rapidly fatal disease, the introduction of the paraffin embedding method and his textbooks on pathological anatomy (1869-76) and general pathology (1887-89).
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Mar 19, 2024 · Edwin Klebs was a German physician and bacteriologist noted for his work on the bacterial theory of infection. With Friedrich August Johannes Löffler in 1884, he discovered the diphtheria bacillus, known as the Klebs-Löffler bacillus. Klebs was assistant to Rudolf Virchow at the Pathological.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Edwin Klebs is remembered for various contributions to pathology and bac teriology.2 Standard histories do not associate him with the development of causal criteria, but he gave more attention to such criteria than did Robert. Koch or any other early contributor to the germ theory.
Apr 25, 2017 · History of medicine is an extensive and a very complex science, with many interesting and even fascinating aspects, which should be studied carefully and with no partisan bias. This paper is a plea for studying history of medicine in the higher medical education. As 2017 marks 125 years since Valeriu Lucian Bologa (1892–1971) – the first ...
- Cristian Bârsu
- 2017
Jul 28, 2023 · 1. Introduction. Medical pluralism is defined as the existence of more than one medical system and describes different approaches that are available to individuals to promote health and treat illness. 1 More specifically, it can be regarded as the idea of the co-existence between “conventional medicine” and “unconventional medicine”. 1, 2 Conventional medicine is defined by the ...
- Overview
- The Enlightenment
Among the teachers of medicine in the medieval universities there were many who clung to the past, but there were not a few who determined to explore new lines of thought. The new learning of the Renaissance, born in Italy, grew and expanded slowly. Two great 13th-century scholars who influenced medicine were Roger Bacon, an active observer and tireless experimenter, and Albertus Magnus, a distinguished philosopher and scientific writer.
About this time Mondino dei Liucci taught at Bologna. Prohibitions against human dissection were slowly lifting, and Mondino performed his own dissections rather than following the customary procedure of entrusting the task to a menial. Although he perpetuated the errors of Galen, his Anothomia, published in 1316, was the first practical manual of anatomy. Foremost among the surgeons of the day was Guy de Chauliac, a physician to three popes at Avignon. His Chirurgia magna (“Great Surgery”), based on observation and experience, had a profound influence upon the progress of surgery.
The Renaissance in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries was much more than just a reviving of interest in Greek and Roman culture; it was rather a change of outlook, an eagerness for discovery, a desire to escape from the limitations of tradition and to explore new fields of thought and action. In medicine, it was perhaps natural that anatomy and physiology, the knowledge of the human body and its workings, should be the first aspects of medical learning to receive attention from those who realized the need for reform.
It was in 1543 that Andreas Vesalius, a young Belgian professor of anatomy at the University of Padua, published De humani corporis fabrica (“On the Structure of the Human Body”). Based on his own dissections, this seminal work corrected many of Galen’s errors. By his scientific observations and methods, Vesalius showed that Galen could no longer be regarded as the final authority. His work at Padua was continued by Gabriel Fallopius and, later, by Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente; it was his work on the valves in the veins, De venarum ostiolis (1603), that suggested to his pupil William Harvey his revolutionary theory of the circulation of the blood, one of the great medical discoveries.
Surgery profited from the new outlook in anatomy, and the great reformer Ambroise Paré dominated the field in the 16th century. Paré was surgeon to four kings of France, and he has deservedly been called the father of modern surgery. In his autobiography, written after he had retired from 30 years of service as an army surgeon, Paré described how he had abolished the painful practice of cauterization to stop bleeding and used ligatures and dressings instead. His favourite expression, “I dressed him; God healed him,” is characteristic of this humane and careful doctor.
In Britain during this period, surgery, which was performed by barber-surgeons, was becoming regulated and organized under royal charters. Companies were thus formed that eventually became the royal colleges of surgeons in Scotland and England. Physicians and surgeons united in a joint organization in Glasgow, and a college of physicians was founded in London.
In the 17th century the natural sciences moved forward on a broad front. There were attempts to grapple with the nature of science, as expressed in the works of thinkers like Francis Bacon, René Descartes, and Sir Isaac Newton. New knowledge of chemistry superseded the theory that all things are made up of earth, air, fire, and water, and the old A...
His contributions to pathological anatomy and physiology included the first experimental production of valvular disease of the heart and the recognition of bacterial infection in the production of...
Overview. During the Middle Ages, Arabic medicine developed and filled a major gap left by the fifth-century collapse of the Roman empire in the West. At first Islamic physicians sought to preserve knowledge by collecting, then translating, the classical Greco-Roman medicine that Europe had lost. Then they began adding information from other ...
