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  1. www.fda.gov › vitamin-k-substances-and-animal-feedVitamin K Substances and Animal Feed | FDA

    Apr 18, 2023 · Vitamin K3, also known as menadione, is the synthetic, water soluble analogue of vitamin K that can be converted to K2 in the intestine. Enzymes in mammalian and avian tissues are also capable of ...

  2. www.aafco.org › wp-content › uploadsMenadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex (MSBC) in Animal Feed

    vitamin K active substances in order to prevent vitamin K deficiencies. Menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfit e and menadione nicotinamide bisulfite are vitamin K active substances that are regulated as food additives for use in animal feed. Federal regulation 21 CFR 573.620 lays out how menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite must be used in ...

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  4. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesEffects of Sources and Forms of Vitamin K

    Apr 16, 2021 · Abstract. Six types of vitamin K 3 (VK 3); two sources (menadione sodium bisulfite, MSB; menadione nicotinamide bisulfite, MNB), and three different forms (crystal, micro-capsule, and micro-sphere) were used to determine the retention of VK 3 in vitamin premixes (Experiment 1) or vitamin trace mineral (VTM) premixes (Experiment 2) after 1, 2, 3, and 6 months of storage.

    • Huakai Wang, Pan Yang, Longxian Li, Nan Zhang, Yongxi Ma, Xuexin Xu
    • 10.3390/ani11041140
    • 2021
    • Animals (Basel). 2021 Apr; 11(4): 1140.

  5. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesMenadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds ...

    Apr 11, 2022 · Menadione sodium bisulfite complex (MSB, 13) and menadiol (vitamin K 4, 14) , in turn, are two water-soluble derivatives converted in the body, to menadione. The MSB favors the formation of prothrombin and speeds up blood coagulation, improving its antihemorrhagic activity when compared to the natural vitamins K [ 13 ].

    • 10.3762/bjoc.18.43
    • 2022
    • Beilstein J Org Chem. 2022; 18: 381-419.

  6. avmajournals.avma.org › view › journalsSafety of vitamin K, and its use in pet foods in: Journal of ...

    Mar 1, 2018 · Arguments for the use of menadione compounds instead of vitamin K 1 include better stability and lower costs. 28 Although vitamin K 1 is more heat stable than menadione, and both are adversely affected by oxygen and trace minerals, the binding of a compound such as menadione sodium bisulfite complex to an ion-exchange resin results in high ...

    • Sean J. Delaney, David A. Dzanis
    • 2018

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  8. efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › absScientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of vitamin K

    Jan 16, 2014 · Vitamin K describes a group of lipophilic vitamins that exist naturally in two forms: vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone, found in green plants) and vitamin K 2 (a group of menaquinones synthesised by bacteria in the intestine). Vitamin K 3 (or menadione) is a synthetic form of vitamin K without a side chain. To become active, menadione needs to ...

  9. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 33923615Effects of Sources and Forms of Vitamin K - PubMed

    Apr 16, 2021 · Six types of vitamin K 3 (VK 3); two sources (menadione sodium bisulfite, MSB; menadione nicotinamide bisulfite, MNB), and three different forms (crystal, micro-capsule, and micro-sphere) were used to determine the retention of VK 3 in vitamin premixes (Experiment 1) or vitamin trace mineral (VTM) premixes (Experiment 2) after 1, 2, 3, and 6 months of storage.