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Idaho (/ ˈ aɪ d ə h oʊ / ⓘ EYE-də-hoh) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the United States. It shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border to the north, with the province of British Columbia. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington and Oregon to the west.
- 83,569 sq mi (216,444 km²)
- 1,975,000
As the official website for the state of Idaho, Idaho.gov is your link to all official government resources, information & online services in the state of Idaho.
- Overview
- Land
- Relief and drainage
Idaho, constituent state of the United States of America. It ranks 14th among the 50 U.S. states in terms of total area. Its boundaries—with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north and the U.S. states of Montana and Wyoming to the east, Utah and Nevada to the south, and Oregon and Washington to the west—are both historical and geographic in derivation. The boundary with British Columbia follows the 49th parallel of north latitude, while the border with Utah and Nevada follows the 42nd parallel; both lines were established by treaty—the northern between the United States and Britain in 1846 and the southern between the United States and Spain in 1819. The border with Montana follows the Continental Divide, while the border with Wyoming incorporates a small slice of Yellowstone National Park. Idaho’s border with Oregon and Washington is a 480-mile (770-km) straight stretch except between the Idaho cities of Weiser and Lewiston, where Hells Canyon of the Snake River serves as a natural boundary. Boise is the state capital.
Idaho, admitted as the 43rd state of the union on July 3, 1890, is one of the Mountain states, but it is often classified as part of the Pacific Northwest, a region unified by the Continental Divide as an eastern boundary and by the Columbia River drainage basin, which covers virtually the entire area. The name Idaho is thought to be derived from a Shoshone phrase meaning “gem of the mountains.”
Diversity of the natural environment is characteristic of Idaho’s landscape, creating a sectionalism that is reflected in the state’s community life, politics, economy, and cultural development, as well as in the varieties of its soils and animal and plant life. Elevation is often a more important factor in controlling Idaho’s climate than is latitude. The northern areas of the state are lower in elevation on the average than are much of the central and southern areas. Prevailing westerly winds from the Pacific Ocean blanket most of the state, especially the northern and southwestern regions. A drier, colder, continental climate is more noticeable in the southeastern counties, but Idaho has a milder climate than most of the states located in the same latitudes east of the Continental Divide.
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Parts of four major physiographic provinces are included within Idaho: the Northern Rocky Mountains, the Middle Rocky Mountains, the Columbia Basin, and the Basin and Range Province. The Northern Rockies extend from the Canadian border to south-central Idaho and occupy nearly half the state’s area. Peaks reaching elevations between 10,000 and 12,000 feet (3,000 and 3,700 metres) are common in central Idaho. At 12,662 feet (3,859 metres) in the Lost River Range, Borah Peak is the state’s highest point. Other notable ranges in this part of the state include the Sawtooth, Pioneer, Continental Divide, Beaverhead, and Bitterroot. Peak elevations generally decrease northward to about 6,000 feet (1,800 metres) at the Canadian border.
The Middle Rocky Mountains occupy a narrow strip along the Idaho-Wyoming border. The area comprises several ranges that trend north-south and northwest-southeast and rise to between 7,000 and 10,000 feet (2,100 and 3,000 metres). Grass- and sagebrush-covered plateaus and valleys and a few small lakes are found between the ranges.
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The Basin and Range Province extends into southeastern Idaho as a roughly triangular-shaped desert with its base along the Idaho-Utah border. A series of low north–south-trending block-faulted ranges separate small gravel-floored basins.
The remainder of the state is included within the Columbia Basin, which in Idaho is occupied entirely by the arid Snake River plateau. The Snake River follows the plateau in a broad crescent across southern and western Idaho. Next to the Northern Rocky Mountains, it is the major natural feature of the state. It rises in the southeastern part of the state, with tributaries in Yellowstone National Park, and flows from east to west through “sagebrush Idaho.” With huge reclamation projects, the river valley contains most of Idaho’s irrigated farmland. The course of the Snake River includes Hells Canyon—at 7,900 feet (2,400 metres) North America’s deepest gorge—and 212-foot- (65-metre-) high Shoshone Falls. Its valley is a geologically complex sequence of lakes, lava beds, mesas, buttes, canyons, and desertscape, symbolized by the barren craters and cones of the Craters of the Moon National Monument.
Find things to do, places to visit and experiences that will awaken your senses at Visit Idaho, the Gem State's official tourism site.
- Boise
- 83,557 square miles
- July 3rd, 1890
- 1,900,000 (2020 Census)
- State Flag and Seal. A silk flag, with a blue field, 5 feet 6 inches high, 4 feet 4 inches on pike is bordered by gilt fringe 2 1/2 inches wide, with the State Seal of Idaho in the center.
- State Flower: The Syringa (Philadelphus lewisii) The syringa was designated the state flower of Idaho by the legislature in 1931. It is a branching shrub up to 12 feet tall with clusters of white, fragrant flowers that bloom in late spring to early summer.
- State Bird: The Mountain Bluebird (Sialia arctcia) The mountain bluebird was adopted as the state bird for Idaho by the state legislature in 1931. The Bluebird is about seven inches long, has an azure blue coat, and a blue vest with white under-feathers.
- State Tree: The Western White Pine (Pinus Monticola pinaceae) Our state tree is probably most notable since the largest remaining stand of this timber in the United States grows in the northern part of Idaho.
Feb 28, 2023 · Outline Map. Key Facts. Idaho is a state located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, and it covers about 83,642 mi². Montana borders it to the east, Wyoming to the southeast, Oregon to the west, Washington to the northwest, and Nevada and Utah to the south.
Learn How to Travel With Care. Discover the best things to do in Idaho, from quirky museums to stunning natural wonders. Explore unique Idaho attractions that will leave you in awe.
