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- In 1054 the Byzantine church separated from the Christian church in the west. The western church became known as Roman Catholicism. The Byzantine church became known as Eastern Orthodoxy.
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From the beginning, the Byzantine Empire faced many invasions. In the early years, groups from Europe threatened the empire’s borders. The early Byzantines also fought Persians from Asia and Muslims from Arabia. Later, during the religious wars known as the Crusades, Christians from western Europe attacked Constantinople.
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After 634, rising Islamic forces threatened the Byzantine...
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Throughout much of the Middle Ages the Byzantium Empire fought the Muslims for control of the eastern Mediterranean. This included asking the Pope and the Holy Roman Empire for help during the first Crusade to regain control of the Holy Land.
- The Name 'Byzantine' & Dates
- Constantinople
- Byzantine Emperors
- Byzantine Government
- Corpus Juris Civilis
- Byzantine Society
- Territories of The Byzantine Empire
- The Byzantine Church
- Byzantine Art
- Byzantine Architecture
The name 'Byzantine' was coined by 16th-century historians based on the fact that the capital city's first name was Byzantium before it changed to Constantinople (modern Istanbul). It was and continues to be a less-than-perfect but convenient label which differentiates the Eastern Roman Empire from the Western Roman Empire, especially important aft...
The beginnings of the Byzantine Empire lie in the decision of Roman emperor Constantine I to relocate the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium on 11 May 330. The popular name Constantinople or 'City of Constantine' soon replaced the emperor's own official choice of 'New Rome'. The new capital had an excellent natural harbour on the Go...
The Byzantine emperor or basileus (or more rarely basilissa for empress) resided in the magnificent Great Palace of Constantinople and ruled as an absolute monarch over a vast empire. As such, the basileusneeded the assistance of an expert government and a widespread and efficient bureaucracy. Although an absolute ruler, an emperor was expected - b...
The Byzantine government followed the patterns established in imperial Rome. The emperor was all-powerful but was still expected to consult such important bodies as the Senate. The Senate in Constantinople, unlike in Rome, was composed of men who had risen through the ranks of the military service, and so there was no senatorial class as such. With...
Byzantine government was greatly assisted by the creation of the Justinian Code or Corpus Juris Civilis (Corpus of Civil Law) by Justinian I. The corpus, drawn up by a panel of legal experts, collected, edited, and revised the huge body of Roman laws which had been accumulated over the centuries - a massive number of imperial edicts, legal opinions...
The Byzantines gave great importance to the family name, inherited wealth, and the respectable birth of an individual. The individuals in the higher levels of society possessed these three things. Wealth came from land ownership or the administration of land under an individual administrator's jurisdiction. However, there was no aristocracy of bloo...
The geographical extent of the Byzantine Empire changed over the centuries as the military successes and failures of individual emperors fluctuated. Territories which were held in the earlier part of the empire's history included Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Palestine. Greece was less important in practical terms than it was as a symbol of th...
Paganism continued to be practised for centuries after the foundation of Byzantium, but it was Christianitywhich became the defining feature of Byzantine culture, profoundly affecting its politics, foreign relations, and art and architecture. The Church was headed by the Patriarch or bishop of Constantinople, who was appointed or removed by the emp...
Byzantine artists moved away from the naturalism of the Classical tradition towards the more abstract and universal, displaying a definite preference for two-dimensional representations. The rarity of signatures on works of art produced before the 13th century suggests that artists did not enjoy a high social status. Artworks which promoted a relig...
Byzantine architects continued to employ the Classical orders in their buildings and took ideas from the Near East, amongst other places. Designs became more eclectic than in antiquity, especially given the common habit of reusing the materials from older buildings for new structures. There was, too, a definite emphasis on function over form and a ...
- Mark Cartwright
Feb 20, 2024 · Kids Encyclopedia Facts. Emblem of the Palaeologus dynasty. The Byzantine Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire) was the name of the eastern remnant of the Roman Empire which survived into the Middle Ages. Its capital was Constantinople, which today is in Turkey and is now called Istanbul.
Religion, Art, and Architecture in the Byzantine Empire. Christianity took a particular form in the Byzantine Empire: the Eastern Orthodox Church. Missionaries won converts among Slavic peoples. The church inspired a large body of art, such as illuminated manuscripts and icons, that would go on to influence art in Western Europe. The Golden Age
Nov 21, 2023 · 16K views. Religion in the Byzantine Empire. What religion did the people in the Byzantine empire practice? The Byzantine Empire embraced Christianity as its official religion. The shift...
