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Dmitriy Yurievich Shemyaka ( Russian: Дмитрий Юрьевич Шемяка) (died 1453) was the second son of Yury of Zvenigorod by Anastasia of Smolensk and grandson of Dmitri Donskoi. His hereditary patrimony was the rich northern town Galich-Mersky. When his brother prince Vasily I of Moscow died in 1425, he and his 10-year-old nephew ...
- Overview
- Early years
- Before entering the civil war
- 1433-1434
- 1434-1445
- The first great reign
- Second great reign
- 1447-1450
- Last years
Dmitri Yuryevich Shemyaka of Moscow (Russian: Дмитрий Юрьевич Шемяка Великий князь Московский), Prince of Galich-Mersky, Grand Prince of Moscow, Sovereign and Grand Prince of All Russia '"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"', was born circa 1408 to Yuri Dmitriyevich of Zvenigorod (1374-1434) and Anastasia Yuryevna of Smolensk (c1383-1422) and died 17 July 1...
Place and time of birth
Mikhail Khmyrov, in the “Alphabetical Reference List of Russian Czars and Most Remarkable Persons of Their Blood”, published in 1870, states that Dmitri Yuryevich “was born in Zvenigorod about 1403 ” ::32, 33. Aleksandr Zimin notes that Prince Dmitri in 1425 was "at the age of 20-24 years" :: 32 . Valentin Yanin points out that in 1453 Dmitri Yuryevich “most likely” was about 45 years old :106. According to TSB , Dmitri Shemyaka was born in 1420 . It should be noted that Yuri Dmitrievich married Anastasia Yuryevna in 1400, who died on July 11, 1422:: 194, 204 .
Origin of the name
In the name of Dmitri, Prince Yuri named Shemyaka, like his younger brother, Dmitri Krasnyi, probably in honor of their grandfather, Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy : : 32, 33 : : 195. According to one of the versions, the nickname Shemyaka, as noted by A. A. Zimin, “most likely goes back to the Tatar-Mongolian Chimehu , which means to decorate, and hence the chimek decoration, outfit” :: . According to another version, Shemyaka - short for Sheyemyaka, that is, capable of naming the neck , strongman :50.
Baptism
Dmitri Yuryevich was baptized, possibly by [[Saint Grigori of Pelshma (1315-1442)|Saint Grigori of Pelshma] ::157 .. However, Konstantin Kovalev-Sluchevsky believes the version about the baptism of all or almost all of Prince Yuri Dmitrievich's children by Gregory of Pelshamsky is controversial, since at the beginning of the 15th century the spiritual mentor of Yuri Dmitriyevich and the patron of his family, Saint Savva of Storozhi, was alive : : 231, 254, 255 .
According to A. A. Zimin, “the elder sons of Yuri Dmitrievich, Vasili Kosoy and Dmitri Shemyaka, probably, sought to assert themselves, as soon as 1425” :33 . The historian also notes that "conflict with their father, aggravated later, matured by the 1427" : 40, 41
Between summer 1432 and April 25, 1433 : 67 Yuri Dmitrievich's testament, by which bequeathed "detem her, Vasili Kosoy, Dmitri Shemyaka and Dmitri Krasnyi less patrimony their own, in Moscow their lot by" "for three" : 458 . In addition, Prince Dmitri was bequeathed to Ruza :: 18 , as well as the third part of Dmitrov and with Moscow volosts " , a part of Dmitrovsky volosts, a third part of Vyatka and a number of other possessions and incomes. Yuri Dmitrievich blessed Dmitry Shemyaka with the “icon of the Savior forged” and bequeathed to him “the belt of gold on the ladle”: 458, 459 .
February 8, 1433 in Moscow, the wedding of Vasili Vasilyevich with the daughter of the Prince of Borovsk Maria Yaroslavna took place. Prince Vasili Kosoy and his brother Dmitry Shemyaka arrived at the wedding at the invitation of the groom (Yuri Dmitrievich and Dmitri Krasnyi were absent). During the celebration, Zakhariy Koshkin (according to another version, Pyotr Dobrynsky) “recognized” the precious belt on Vasili Kosoy: the belt was allegedly stolen from the Grand Duke Dmitri Donskoy during his wedding with Yevdokia Dmitriyevna in Kolomna and later went to Vasili Kosoy :52. Present at the celebration, Sofia Vitovtovna ripped off the belt from Vasili Kosoy : 53, while she screamed as a victim that Yuryevich took the belt of Dmitry Donskoy unjustly and in general their whole family are thieves and impostors.
I will try to more clearly explain what happened embarrassment. Imagine that the Queen of England at the wedding of her grandson, Prince William, declared publicly that King Abdullah II of Jordan was stealing silver spoons from the royal service. How do you like this passage?
In those times, not only ripping off the belt, but even a hint that someone from Yuryevich stole it or simply appropriated it, meant a very strong insult that can only be washed off with blood. Vasili Kosoy and Dmitri Shemyaka, who actually donated Vasili Vasilyevich the Moscow throne, were literally stunned by such a collision and, hastily leaving the wedding, went to their father in Galich. On the way, the brothers looted the treasury of the Yaroslavl princes, who were supporters of Vasili Vasilyevich. And having arrived to the father, they saw that their father was going to go to Moscow to get even for the attack on Galich.
As K.P. Kovalev-Sluchevsky notes, “not only“ ripping off the belt, ”but even a simple hint that someone from Yuryevich stole it or simply appropriated it meant a strong insult” :: 313 . Dmitri and Vasili Kosoy, who had been "embittered", left the wedding, going to the father in Galich . On the way, they rozgrabisha treasury Yaroslavl princes , who were supporters of Vasili II :53 . Princes Dmitri and Vasili Kosoy, arriving in the city, saw that Yuri Dmitrievich “gathered with all his people, although walking” on Vasili Vasilyevich and performed in the spring of 1433 on a campaign with his father :56 .
On April 25, 1433, in a battle off the banks of the Klyazma River, 20 versts from Moscow, the combined squad of Yuri Dmitrievich, Dmitri Shemyaka and Vasili Kosoy routed Vasili Vasilyevich's troops :56, 57 :314, 315, after which Yuri Dmitrievich entered to Moscow and ascended the grand throne :57 . At the direction of Grand Duke Yuri Dmitrievich Dmitri Shemyaka and Vasili Kosoy, they followed Vasili Vasilyevich, who fled to Tver, and then to Kostroma : 57, where Yuryevich overtook him :58. Then came Yuri Dmitrievich “taking him” : 58 and later, “reconciled” with him, giving Vasili Vasilyevich Kolomna to the lot ::57 . This decision of Yuri Dmitrievich led to the fact that “the mennos of the boyars and servants, furious about this, and did not like this by all” : 58 . In addition, according to the Yermolinsky chronicle , compiled not earlier than 1481 , “Muscovites, however, were princes, and nobles, and governors, boyars, and nobles, from young to old, went to Kolomna to see the grand duke they didn’t add any more to serve as prince. ” The world with Vasili Vasilyevich and his transfer to Kolomna took place thanks to the intercession of the favorite of Yuri Dmitrievich - boyar Semen Fedorovich Morozov :58 :320. Apparently, a quarrel broke out between him and the brothers Vasili and Dmitri Yuryevich, as a result of which Morozov was killed by Yurevich “in the Senekh embankments” of the Kremlin Palace :58 , after which princes Vasili and Dmitri “vstrustruy”, left Moscow, fearing rewards from the father, and drove off to Kostroma :59 :323 .
Under these circumstances, Yuri Dmitrievich decided to leave Moscow and transfer the great reign to Vasili Vasilyevich. Between the uncle and the nephew, no later than September 28, 1433, the final conclusion was concluded , according to which Yuri Dmitrievich pledged: take them. And tobe also not accept them ” :60 :440, the same obligation was given by Vasili Vasilyevich :444.
Vasili Kosoy also sent the brothers the news of proclaiming himself the Grand Duke :70, 234. Dmitry Shemyaka and Dmitri Krasnyi, as A.A. Zimin points out, “resolutely opposed the unauthorized decision of Vasili Kosoy” :70, their response to Vasili Kosoy read: “If God does not delight God, may our father reign, and you yourself want ” :70} . Sources do not contain information about the reasons for such a decision by Dmitri Shemyaka and his younger brother :70. A. A. Zimin expresses the opinion that “having made a willful decision, Vasili Kosoy violated the law of the “Nest of Kalita ”. This alone could cause resentment among his brothers. But he also spoke out against that same clan principle of inheritance of the throne, for which Prince Yuri Dmitrievichand his sons fought ” :70 . In addition, A. A. Zimin notes that with his “strong-willed character and independence of actions, Vasili Kosoy inspired the younger Yuryevich with serious concerns” :71 .
Younger Yurievich decided to support Vasili Vasilyevich who "came to them" and, "resigned", Dmitri Shemyaka, Dmitri Krasnyi and Vasili Vasilyevich moved towards Moscow. Caught in a difficult situation due to the lack of strength to resist the brothers and Vasili Vasilyevich, Vasili Kosoy left Moscow at the beginning of July 1434, after which Vasili Vasilyevich was reenthroned as Grand Prince of Moscow:71.
Around June 5, 1434 - January 6, 1435, the finalization was concluded between Vasili Vasilyevich and the younger Yuryevichs, according to which the brothers' right to own the lands bequeathed to them by Yury Dmitrievich and their own awards to Yuryevich Vasili Vasilyevich were confirmed. Dmitry Yurevich additionally received Rzhev and Uglich .Vyatka should have been jointly owned by Yurievich :71, 72, 235. Between 1434 - February 10, 1446, Dmitri Shemyaka issued a letter to the Trinity Monastery for possession in Uglich :235 .
In the winter of 1436, Prince Dmitri Shemyaka came to Moscow to call Vasili Vasilyevich in Uglich for his wedding with Princess Sophia Dmitrievna, the daughter of Prince of Zaozero Dmitry Vasilyevich : 74 . Vasili Vasilyevich "fucked" him and sent him to Kolomna with a bailiff. This step of Vasili Vasilyevich led to the fact that the court of Prince Dmitri, in the conditions of the ongoing war between Vasili Vasilyevich and Vasily Yuryevich, joined Vasili Kosoy, who was moving from Ustyug to Vologda :74, 75 . Later, Vasili Vasilyevich ordered the release of Dmitry Shemyaka "from iron", ordering "to be simple for him at Kolomna"; as A.A. Zimin notes, “it’s hard to say how this gesture affected the position of the Shemyaka court” : 76 . Upon returning to Moscow after the victory over Vasili Kosoy in the battle on the Cherekh River, Vasili Vasilyevich sent Dmitri Shemyaka to Kolomna "and granted him" :76, 77 .
On June 13, 1436, Dmitri Shemyaka concluded the end with Vasili Vasilyevich, according to which he recognized himself as the “younger brother” of Grand Duke Vasily, confirmed the transfer of Vasili Kosoy's inheritance (Dmitrov and Zvenigorod) to Vasily II and retained Rzhev and Uglich Dmitri:77 . In this conclusion, Dmitry Yuryevich also mentions the testament of his father-in-law , which can speak about the wedding of Prince Dmitry and Sofia Dmitrievna : 236.
In 1437, Vasili Vasilyevich sent against the Ulugh Muhammad who decided to settle near the city of Belyov “two princes Dmitriev Yuryevich and other princes set, with many regiments” :192 . On the way to Belyov, they, according to the statement of the grand-ducal chronicle, plundered the population :81, 82 . Governors Vasily Sobakin and Andrei Goltyaev rejected the peace offer on favorable terms from Ulu-Mohammed near Belev , besides, perhaps, Mtsensk voevoda Grigory Protasiev surrendered to the side of Ulu-Mohammed and "make sedition." On the morning of December 5, 1437, the Tatars, taking advantage of the haze, hit the Russian regiments and smashed them :82 .
According to A. A. Zimin, after receiving the news of the capture of Vasili Vasilyevich, the authorities in Moscow (as long as Vasili Vasilyevich was in captivity), according to the traditional ideas about the order of succession of the grand princely throne, went to Dmitri Shemyaka, as the eldest in the genus Kalita in Russia :105 . Vladislav Nazarov notes that in the summer and autumn of 1445, Dmitry Yuryevich was the real ruler of the Great Duchy and a clear contender for the formal status of the Grand Duke :49. Dmitry Yurevich returned Sofia Vitovtovna from the Dubna River to Moscow, who fled from the capital, obviously, to :Стб. 492. It should be noted that a week after the Battle of Suzdal fire broke out in Moscow, burned up to 2,000 people, and all the wooden buildings, "under siege" has accumulated a lot of people :105. In all likelihood, Dmitri decided to organize the defense of Moscow: he attracted the rural population to repair the fortress walls, organized urgent preparations of stone, wood, iron parts :106 :78.
According to V. D. Nazarov, in June-July 1445, Ulu-Mohammed restored the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality, headed by the descendants of Dmitry Konstantinovich and the co-princes Vasili and Fyodor Yuryevich :81. In September 1445 (there are other dates ) ), princes Vasily and Fyodor drafted the project with Dmitry Shemyaka and sent this document to Moscow. Dmitry Yuryevich attached to the project of completion his grand-ducal seal and an inscription in a circle Seal of Grand Duke Dmitriya Yuryevich; as VD Nazarov notes, the application by Dmitry Yuryevich of his seal to the document “as if certified Shemyaka’s agreement in principle with the proposed conditions” :401 :35, 39, 59, 79, 80 :121, 570, 571. In the final design, terminology was used to complete the grand duke Yuri Dmitrievich: Dmitry Shemyaka undertook to keep Prince Vasily as his “son”, and Prince Fedor - as “brother”, while Dmitri Yuryevich's son, Ivan, was considered the “even brother” Prince Vasily and the “oldest brother” Prince . The end, keeping the Suzdal princes sovereign rights in matters relating directly to their principality, did not contain recognition of their full independence :127. According to the conclusion, all transactions for the sale of land to Moscow boyars and monasteries were declared invalid :210, 211. . In addition, the Suzdal princes were to receive at their disposal and Vyatka :126 . V.D. Nazarov points out that their vassal duties were mainly limited to military service :59.
Ulu-Mohammed, who was Vasili Vasilyevich in captivity in Kurmish, sent his ambassador Begich to Dmitry Yuryevich to clarify the position of the new grand prince in relation to the Horde. Dmitri Yuryevich “was glad and had a lot of honor to give” to Begich, “wishing more Grand Duchess”, and sent to Ulu-Mohammed, together with Begich, his deacon Fyodor Dubensky “with all the dashing” on Vasili Vasilyevich so that :106 .
Embassy Begich and clerk Fyodor sailed across the Oka :107 . Without receiving news from Begich for a long time, Ulu-Mohammed decided that he was killed by Dmitry Shemyaka, and on October 1 he released Basil II with a Tatar escort to Russia. At the same time, Vasily made a promise to pay a ransom : 106, 107 .
According to the Moscow version, the envoy sent by Vasili Vasilyevich to Moscow near the village of Ivan Kiselev (between Nizhny Novgorod and Murom) met Pliska Obraztsova with Begich and Fyodor's diak and informed them that Vasili Vasilyevich was released to Russia, after which Fyodor and Begich returned to Murom. There, Ambassador Ulu-Mohammed was captured by Prince Vasily Obolensky. According Ermolinskaya chronicles, Vasili Vasilyevich received a message, "Thou idet Bigich to the king of the whole council Shemyaka the great reign, and nochevati him transported Oka" commanded "izymati" Ambassador, Murom governors to "Bigichyu vyslasha honey lot, he's getting drunk and fall asleep ”, after which Vasili Vasilyevich's envoys “ take care of him and otvodoshha him in a hail, and after drowning him ” :107 .
Upon learning of the incident, Dmitry Yuryevich “run to Coal” :107 :199. Vasili Vasilyevich was solemnly met by Sophia Vitovtovna, Maria Yaroslavna with her sons Ivan and Yuri, as well as his court in Pereslavl and arrived in Moscow on October 26, 1446 : 108.
As A. A. Zimin notes, Dmitry Yuryevich “understood that the situation of discontent with the military defeat (the capture of the Grand Duke and Vasili Vasilyevich's pro-Tatar policy now favored his overbearing plans” and “did not intend to reconcile with the new order of things”. Dmitry told Ivan Mozhaysky that Vasili Vasilyevich "kissed the tsar that he was sitting on the tsar on Moscow, and on all the towns of Ruski, and on our fathers, and he wants to sit on Tferi." The version spread by Dmitry Shemyaka could also be presented, among other things, as a violation of the prisoner’s conclusion after the battle of Beleva with the Grand Duke of Tver. According to the Yermolinskaya chronicle, Dmitri Yuryevich “resigned to sedition and all the flesh; verbally, since the prince is great all the earth has kissed his king and us, his brother ", while gathering" poimati the grand prince, and the king did not give money on which the prince kissed " :108, 246 . Dmitri Yuryevich also sent a letter to Boris Tversky, similar to the message that Prince Ivan Mozhaisky received from Dmitry. Boris Aleksandrovich, according to the pro-Moscow version, “was afraid” and joined Dmitri Yuryevich and Ivan Andreevich :109, 247.
It should be noted that the size of Vasili Vasilyevich's ransom, according to Novgorod information, amounted to 200,000 rubles, "but God knows yes and they"; according to Pskov information, Vasili Vasilyevich only “promised” 25,000 rubles and brought with him 500 Tatars; according to Tver information, “the great prince Vasili Vasilyevich pushed from the Horde to Moscow, and with him Tatars, tribute to the imatis great, with his payback davati Tatar” :stb. 492; according to the Moscow chroniclers of the 1470s, [Vasili II Vasilyevich of Moscow (1415-1462)|Vasili Vasilyevich]] was released with the promise to give a “ranspom” “as much as he could” :106, 107 .
Dmitry Yuryevich was supported by many of the Moscow guests , the elders of the Trinity Monastery, the boyars , including from the influential Dobrynskiy family :108, 109 . It is interesting to note that the boyar Ivan Fyodorovich Starkov, who was the bailiff of Dmitri Yuryevich during his imprisonment in Kolomna in 1436, switched to the side of Dmitri Shemyaka during his imprisonment in Kolomna in 1436 :75, 109, 247, 283 .
At the beginning of February 1446, Dmitri Yuryevich and Ivan Andreevich were in Ruza, where they were obviously joined by the army sent by Boris Alexandrovich Tversky :110, 247 . Upon receiving the news that [Vasili II Vasilyevich of Moscow (1415-1462)|Vasili Vasilyevich]] with their children and the immediate environment is in the Trinity Monastery, in the night of 12 on February 13 troops Dmitry Shemyaka and its allies, came "Cast out" to the capital, without a fight occupied Moscow, Dmitri Yuryevich second time ascended the grand throne :110, 111 :343 :87:182.
After being blinded, Basil II and his wife were exiled to Uglich, and Sofia Vitovtovna was sent to Chukhly :111 :202. The population was sworn in by Grand Duke Dmitri :112, 248 . Fyodor Vasilyevich Basyonok , who refused to take the oath, was shackled "in iron", but escaped from imprisonment with the watchman :112.
After joining the great reign, Dmitry Yuryevich sent his “worshipers” to Novgorod, and the Novgorodians, for their part, sent their ambassadors to Shemyaka, and the grand duke “kissing the cross on his olden past” to Veliky Novgorod :112 .
Dmitry Y. released Sofya Vitovtovna from[[ Kargopol. At the same time, those sent to accompany her boyar children and boyars went to the service of Vasili Vasilyevich :122 .
In the spring of 1447, besieged by Tver troops of Rzhev, subjected to fierce cannon fire, after three weeks of resistance, capitulated :122 .
Dmitry Yuryevich, according to the message sent to him by the hierarchs on December 29, 1447, did not fold the kiss to Veliky Novgorod, sent his ambassador there, “Zouchi yourself a great prince”, asking: ” :127 . However, as A. A. Zimin notes, “in 1447 and 1448. Novgorod was not up to Shemyaka ” :128.
According to the message of the hierarchs, Dmitry Yuryevich “to the famously” Vasili Vasilyevich sent his envoys to the Vyatka inhabitants, trying to raise them to fight with Vasili Vasilyevich, but the Vyatchanes did not respond to the call : :126 . Apparently, Dmitry Yuryevich was able to temporarily recruit to his side Ivan Mozhaisky :124. According to the message of December 29, 1447, Dmitri led negotiations with Ivan Mozhaisky, “odinichas with him” on Basil II, the ambassador of Prince Ivan unsuccessfully traveled to Vasili Vasilyevich with the proposal: “... you, Prince the Great, Prince Dmitry Yuryevich, otherwise feel sorry and Mene, Prince Ivan, granted; but it did not seem to please Prince Dmitry, but that is the matter of you, and did not please Prince Ivan, ”. Around June 12, 1447, Dmitri Yuryevich and Ivan Andreevich concluded an armistice with the allies of Vasili Vasilyevich, the princes Mikhail Andreevich and Vasily Yaroslavich. The truce called for the cessation of hostilities of Dmitry Yuryevich and Ivan Andreevich with Vasili Vasilyevich, for the duration of the truce Dmitry and Ivan pledged to Vasili Vasilyevich II, Mikhail Andreevich, Vasily Yaroslavich, and do not drive them out ”and do not fix“ some dirty tricks ”to the grand duke’s fief. Dmitry Yuryevich and Ivan Andreevich pledged "love and the end of taking on olden time" with Boris Alexandrovich Tversky. For their part, princes Vasily and Mikhail promised to intercede with Vasili Vasilyevich for the conclusion of a peaceful ending with Dmitry Yuryevich and Ivan Andreyevich, while Dmitry Yuryevich agreed to “withdraw” from Uglich, Rzhev and Bezhitsky parish:125 .
Dmitry Yuryevich (probably in the summer of 1447) concluded the ending with Vasili Vasilyevich. Judging by the statement of some of its provisions in the message to the hierarchs Dmitry Yuryevich on December 29, 1447, this end reminded the conclusion concluded with Vasili Vasilyevich by Prince Ivan Mozhaysky in September 1447: Ivan Andreevich, as Dmitry Yuryevich earlier, recognized Vasili Vasilyevich as the “oldest brother” pledged to "do not communicate with anyone, nor sylatisya" without the knowledge of Vasily Vasilyevich, "Hordes are not nobles", and Vasili Vasilyevich, for his part, guaranteed Ivan and Dmitry their possessions and pledged to live on the "literate" Dmitri Donskoy. The text of the end is not preserved, its dating is based on the remark in the epistle of the hierarchs: “... after your completion, the month has passed. Ino already after that period more than a month of books ” :125, 126, 252.
It should be noted that Vasili Vasilyevich, for his part, concluded the final times with Prince Mikhail Andreevich (June 19, 1447), together with Princes Mikhail Andreevich, Ivan Andreevich and []Vasily Yaroslavich - with the Grand Duke of Ryazan, Ivan Fedorovich (July 20, 1447), September 1447 - again with Ivan Andreevich Mozhaisky. Upon completion with van Fyodorovich, the Grand Prince of Ryazan, in particular, pledged to go as a host to the “enemy” of Vasili Vasilyevich :123, 124 .
April 2, 1450 (in the opinion of V. L. Yanin, this date is erroneous :198, 199) Dmitry Yuryevich arrived in Veliky Novgorod, where “there is a cross to Veliky Novugorod, and Veliky Novgorod is a cross to Veliky Dmitri Zedo” :141, 142. After spending some time in Novgorod, Dmitriy Yuryevich ordered the “vyatchanes to go to their home” , while he himself went to Dvina . Having descended on it "nasadeh", Dmitry Shemyaka on June 29 without a fight entered Ustyug and took the oath of local residents :142, 256
Opponents of Dmitri Yuryevich "did not want to change Grand Prince Vasili, and they did not kiss the prince for Dmitry, and he executed them": they were thrown into Sukhona , "knitting a great tick on their necks", while one of the thrown was saved :142, 143, 256:89 . It should be noted that in 1435 the Ustyuzhans were supporters of Vasily II, after the city, apparently without a fight :73:53 entered Vasili Kosoy, "they wanted to kill him, in Great Days , on matins ”:148. During the celebration of Easter (in all likelihood, during the procession , which began the EasterMatins :53) massacre was arranged, Vasili Kosoy managed to escape, running between the hummocks through Sukhona, “and those who did not ripen his people behind him, and Ustyuzhan beat them” :73:54:148.
Finishing Ustyug, Dmitri Yuryevich called vogulichey and vyatchan "Grand Prince Vasily parish grabiti" and "he poidee to Vologda and Vologda voivav" :89, returned to the Ustyug, where he lived until about the beginning of 1452 . As A. A. Zimin points out, it is obvious that “he did not live there all the time, but only by accident” :143. In a message to Vyatka around 1452, Metropolitan Jonah wrote that Vyatka residents, including Dmitry Shemyaka, “many times” “came” to Ustyug, Vologda and Galich, while Jonah accused the Vyatchan people of cruelty and robbery and demanded them to “finish off” forehead "Vasili Vasilyevich and" mend "" in all without cunning " :143:№ 73. Стб. 591—594.
As noted by A.A. Zimin, remained "deaf news that around 1450- 1451 biennium. Dmitri Shemyaka is excommunicated and make up a “damned letter” on this occasion :144. It is about: the message of the Vym chronicle that the Perm Bishop Pitirim in 1447 "wrote a letter to Dmitri Shemyaka with a curse from the church of the saints" ; a phrase in the message of Metropolitan Jonah to Vyatka about 1452 (“with the church excommunicated with Prince Dmitri and Shemyakoy, there were many more visits to the Grand Duke's patrimony” :№ 73. Стб. 591; phrases in the letter of Jonah to Novgorod archbishop Euthymius (“excommunicated himself from Christianity”, “great religious priesthood on the great divine priesthood laid upon the church” and “we have Prince Dmitri unaffected and excommunicated by the Church of God” :№ 372. С. 464—465):144, 256. As A. A. Zimin points out, the date of the recording in the Vymskaya chronicle is “erroneous, and the fact itself is doubtful. Even in September 1452, in a letter to the Archbishop of Euthymia of Novgorod, Metropolitan Jonah wrote that Shemyaka "had separated himself from Christianity". The Metropolitan does not speak of his excommunication by the church council ” :144. The historian also notes that "there is not a word about the excommunication of Dmitri Shemyaka and in the documents on the anathematization of the Russian church":256It should be noted that Dmitry Yuryevich was buried in the Yuryev Monastery after his death (“put him in the Yuryev Monastery in the church” , “was laid in the church of the holy martyr Yegoria in Novgorod” :262). Rev. Paphnutiy of Borovsk called Dmitry Shemyaka after his death “ pious prince”:366 and remembered him until the end of his life (“he remembered Prince Dmitry until the end” ) . In the preserved list The 16th century synodic of the Iosifo-Volotsky Monastery has an article about the commemoration of Dmitri Yuryevich and his descendants :8, 81, 82
On March 21, 1451, leaving Sophia Dmitrievna with her son in Novgorod, Dmitry Yuryevich left the Settlement and headed “for Volok” :148. Apparently, at the same time :292 Dmitry Yuryevich came to Mikhail Klopsky . Life describes the dialogue between Dmitri Shemyaka and Mikhail Klopsky :And in my speech: “Mykhailushko, I run to my father-in-law and were beaten by me from the Grand Duchess!” And Mikhail told me: “All power is given from God.” And ask the prince: "Mykhailushko, pray to God, that I may reach out to my fatherland — the great reign." And Mikhaila talk to him: “The prince, reach out to the Z-Lakotago coffin!” And the prince, who is not ryadachi, let him go to finish the great reign. And Michael Reche: "In all hardworking, prince, which God will not give."
For several months, Dmitry Yuryevich, being on Dvina , was preparing to march against Vasily the Dark. Upon learning that Dmitry Shemyaka was moving towards Ustyug, Vasili Vasilyevich organized a military expedition against him - on January 1, 1452, Vasili Vasilyevich made a march from Moscow :148 . Part of the forces of Vasili Vasilyevich under the command of Prince Ivan and the Tatar prince Yakub moved to Kokshenga, the other part was approaching Ustyug from the south:148, 149 . Being under Ustyug, Dmitry Shemyaka received news of the approach of Vasili Vasilyevich. Dmitry Yuryevich was threatened with danger of encirclement, he burned the suburbs of Ustyug and, leaving his governor in the city, went to Dvina, where “make Dvinians <...> polity lower than the townOrlets "near the mouth of the river. Basil II "sent a chapel after him with power by the South past Ustyug", the governors under "the city did not stand anything, not a single day, they went after Shemyakoy":149:89.
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Why did Dmitri Shemyaka drown?
Dmitriy Yurievich Shemyaka was the second son of Yury of Zvenigorod by Anastasia of Smolensk and grandson of Dmitri Donskoi. His hereditary patrimony was the rich northern town Galich-Mersky. When his brother prince Vasily I of Moscow died in 1425, he and his 10-year-old nephew Vasily started fighting over the right to the throne, causing the Muscovite War of Succession (1425–1453 ...
Vasily II Vasilyevich, also known as Vasily the Blind or Vasily the Dark, was a Grand Prince of Moscow in the 15th century.When his father died in 1425, the 10-year-old Vasily and his uncle Dmitry Shemyaka started fighting over the right to the throne, causing the Muscovite War of Succession (1425–1453).
Vasily II Vasilyevich [a] ( Russian: Василий II Васильевич; 10 March 1415 – 27 March 1462), nicknamed the Blind or the Dark (Тёмный), was Grand Prince of Moscow from 1425 until his death in 1462. [3] He succeeded his father, Vasily I, only to be challenged by his uncle Dmitry Shemyaka. [4] [b] During this time, Moscow ...
- 27 February 1425 – 27 March 1462, (disputed from 1425 to 1453)
- Sophia of Lithuania
May 26, 2022 · This resulted in an increase of taxes and, consequently, in discontent, which strengthened the party of Dmitry Shemyaka. In early 1446, Vasily was captured by Shemyaka in the Trinity Sergius Lavra, brought to Moscow, blinded, and then sent to Uglich. Shemyaka started to reign as the Prince of Moscow.
Apr 12, 2024 · Vasily II (born 1415—died March 27, 1462, Moscow) was the grand prince of Moscow from 1425 to 1462.. Although the 10-year-old Vasily II was named by his father Vasily I (ruled Moscow 1389–1425) to succeed him as the grand prince of Moscow and of Vladimir, Vasily’s rule was challenged by his uncle Yury and his cousins Vasily the Squint-Eyed and Dmitry Shemyaka.
