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Arnulf of Carinthia ( c. 850 – 8 December 899) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle Emperor Charles the Fat to become the Carolingian king of East Francia [3] from 887, the disputed king of Italy from 894 and the disputed emperor from February 22, 896, until his death at Regensburg, Bavaria .
With the death in 1477 of Charles the Bold, France and the Habsburgs began a long process of dividing his rich Burgundian lands, leading to numerous wars. In 1532, Brittany was incorporated into the Kingdom of France. France engaged in the long Italian Wars (1494–1559), which marked the beginning of early modern France.
The Carolingian dynasty ( / ˌkærəˈlɪndʒiən / KARR-ə-LIN-jee-ən; [1] known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel and his grandson Charlemagne, descendants of the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. [2]
Charlemagne and Offa did enter into a formal peace in 796, protecting trade and securing the rights of English pilgrims to pass through Francia on their way to Rome. Charlemagne also served as host and protector of several deposed English rulers who were later restored: Eadbehrt of Kent, Ecgberht, King of Wessex, and Eardwulf of Northumbria.
Middle Francia (843–855), splitting into Lotharingia (855–959), Lower Burgundy and the medieval Kingdom of Italy by the Treaty of Prüm; and; East Francia (843–962), becoming the Holy Roman Empire, see List of wars involving the Holy Roman Empire. For a detailed overview of battles, see List of battles involving the Franks and Francia.
Middle Francia was a Frankish kingdom formed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843. It divided the Carolingian Empire among the sons of Louis the Pious. Between the realms of East and West Francia, Middle Francia was the Frankish territory between the rivers Rhine and Scheldt . Middle Francia was the part of the Frankish Empire that fell to Lothair I.
Alsace (/ æ l ˈ s æ s /, US also / æ l ˈ s eɪ s, ˈ æ l s æ s /; French: ⓘ; Low Alemannic German/Alsatian: Elsàss; German: Elsass (German spelling before 1996: Elsaß.) ⓘ; Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.
