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(L1) speakers Second-language (L2) speakers Total speakers (L1+L2) English (excl. creole languages) Indo-European: Germanic: 380 million 1.077 billion: 1.456 billion Mandarin Chinese (incl. Standard Chinese, but excl. other varieties) Sino-Tibetan: Sinitic: 939 million 199 million: 1.138 billion Hindi (excl. Urdu) Indo-European: Indo-Aryan: 345 ...
- Lists of Languages
Published lists. SIL International's Ethnologue: Languages...
- First-language
The monument to the mother tongue (ana dili) in Nakhchivan,...
- Creole Languages
An English-based creole language (often shortened to English...
- Hindi
Modern Standard Hindi (Hindi: आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, romanized:...
- Bengali
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা, Bāṅlā, ⓘ),...
- Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA)...
- Thai
A native Thai speaker, recorded in Bangkok. Thai, or Central...
- Russian
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in...
- Urdu
Urdu (/ ˈ ʊər d uː /; اردو, ⓘ; ALA-LC: Urdū) is an...
- Lists of Languages
In 2010, Indonesian had 42.8 million native speakers and 154.9 million second-language speakers, who speak it alongside their local mother tongue, giving a total number of speakers in Indonesia of 197.7 million. It is common as a first language in urban areas, and as a second language by those residing in more rural parts of Indonesia.
Full list of languages in Indonesia by total number of speakers, from Ethnologue 2015. [1] Widespread. Banten, Central Java, and East Java provinces; Special Region of Yogyakarta; Sumatra island: Lampung province; resettlements in Kalimantan, Maluku, Papua, and Sulawesi.
- Examples and Observations
- The Number and Variety of L2 Users
- Second Language Acquisition
- Second Language Writing
- Second Language Reading
"Some terms fall into more than one category. For example, 'foreign language' can be subjectively 'a language which is not my L1,' or objectively 'a language which has no legal status within the national boundaries.' There is simply a semantic confusion between the first two sets of terms and the third in the following instance in which a certain F...
"Using a second languageis a commonplace activity. There are few places in the world where only one language is used. In London people speak over 300 languages and 32% of the children live in homes where English is not the main language (Baker & Eversley, 2000). In Australia 15.5% of the population speak a language other than English at home, amoun...
"Whereas L1 development happens relatively fast, the rate of L2 acquisition is typically protracted, and contrary to the uniformity of L1 across children, one finds a broad range of variation in L2, across individuals and within learners over time. Invariant developmental sequences, on the other hand, have been discovered for L2 as well, but they a...
"[In the 1990s] second language writing evolved into an interdisciplinary field of inquiry situated in both composition studiesand second language studies simultaneously. . . . "[J]ust as theories of writing derived only from first language writers 'can at best be extremely tentative and at worst invalid' (Silva, Leki, & Carson, 1997, p. 402), theo...
"One general implication, in considering the wide range of contexts for L2 reading, is that there is no single 'one size fits all' set of recommendations for reading instruction or curriculum development. L2 reading instruction should be sensitive to the students' needs and goals and to the larger institutional context. "When L2 students read speci...
Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, with over 279 million inhabitants of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. Indonesian vocabulary has been influenced by various regional languages and foreign languages.
Forms of language use across international contexts shape the minds of second language (L2) speakers. In much of the research on L2 learning and bilingualism, there has been a focus on how individuals might achieve a high level of proficiency in each of the languages that they speak.
With huge speakers throughout the country as well as by the diaspora who live abroad, Indonesian language is listed as one of the most spoken languages worldwide.
